Mostar (English spelling)

Japanese: モスタル - もすたる(英語表記)Mostar
Mostar (English spelling)

A city in the southern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the central city of the Herzegovina region, which spreads across both banks of the Neretva River. The population of the city is 90,800 (estimated in 2003). As of 1991, Muslims and Croats each accounted for over 30% of the population, and Serbs also lived there. During the Roman period, it was called Andetrium, and South Slavic tribes settled there from the 7th century onwards. In the 15th century, it became part of the Ottoman Empire, and the Turkish-style arched stone bridge "Old Bridge (Stari Most)", from which the city takes its name, was built in 1566, connecting the two banks. It developed as the administrative center of the Herzegovina region, and after the railway was opened during the Austro-Hungarian rule, it also attracted attention as a tourist destination, and in particular the mosque on the left bank of the Neretva River and the Turkish-style shopping street were known along with the stone bridge. However, during the Bosnian Civil War from 1992 to 1995, Croat forces used the town as their base, and the stone bridge, which was a symbol of the town, was destroyed in 1993. After the Dayton Accords, which mediated the Yugoslav conflict, the town became part of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which made up Bosnia and Herzegovina.

[Makoto Kimura]

Reconstruction of the destroyed stone bridge was completed in 2004. In 2005, the area was registered as a UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage Site as the "Old Bridge District of the Old Town of Mostar."

[Editorial Department, May 21, 2018]

[References] | Dayton Accords | Neretva River | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Yugoslav War

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ南部の都市。ネレトバ川の両岸に広がるヘルツェゴビナ地方の中心都市である。都市人口9万0800(2003推計)。1991年時点ではムスリム人、クロアチア人がそれぞれ3割強を占め、セルビア人も居住していた。ローマ時代はアンデトリウムAndetriumとよばれ、7世紀以降、南スラブ諸族が定住した。15世紀にオスマン帝国領となり、都市名の由来となるトルコ式アーチの石橋「古い橋(スタリ・モスト)」が1566年に建てられ、両岸が結ばれた。ヘルツェゴビナ地方の行政中心地として発展し、オーストリア・ハンガリー帝国統治期に鉄道が開通してからは観光地としても注目され、とりわけ、ネレトバ川左岸のモスクやトルコ風の商店街は石橋とともに知られた。しかし1992年から1995年までのボスニア内戦の過程でクロアチア人勢力はここを拠点にし、1993年に町の象徴でもあった石橋は破壊された。ユーゴ紛争を調停したデイトン合意以降、ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナを構成するボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ連邦側に帰属した。

[木村 真]

 2004年、破壊された石橋の復興工事が完了。2005年「モスタル旧市街の古橋地区」として、ユネスコ(国連教育科学文化機関)の世界遺産の文化遺産(世界文化遺産)に登録された。

[編集部 2018年5月21日]

[参照項目] | デイトン合意 | ネレトバ川 | ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ | ユーゴ紛争

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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