Hobart - Hobart (English spelling)

The capital of the state of Tasmania, in southeastern Australia. It is located on the right bank of the Derwent River near the mouth of the river in the southeast of Tasmania Island. Its population was 191,169 (2001), and its metropolitan population was 195,500 (1997). The city center is centered on the port area and urban area on the right bank, and the city spreads to the left bank, with the Tasman Bridge connecting the two banks. The airport is also on the left bank. In the urban area, there are the State Parliament Building (built in 1834), the museum, the art gallery, and the University of Tasmania (founded in 1890). The average temperature is 16.8°C in the warmest month (January) and 7.9°C in the coldest month (July), and the annual precipitation is 586 mm. With the development of electricity (Great Lake) since the 1910s and a good harbor, industry has developed, including zinc refining at Risdon on the left bank in the north of the city. Wood chips, zinc, newspapers, pulp, apples, etc. are exported and shipped from the port. It is the second oldest city in the country after Sydney and was settled in 1804. It also flourished as a whaling base from the 1800s to the 1870s. Its name comes from the name of the British Secretary of State for the Colonies at the time of settlement.

[Tatsuya Taniuchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

オーストラリア南東部、タスマニア州の州都。タスマニア島南東部、ダーウェント川河口近くの右岸に位置する。人口19万1169（2001）、都市圏人口19万5500（1997）。右岸の港湾地区および都心部を中心に市街地は左岸にも広がり、両岸をタスマン橋が結ぶ。空港も左岸にある。都心部には州議会議事堂（1834建設）、博物館、美術館、タスマニア大学（1890創立）などがある。平均気温は最暖月（1月）16.8℃、最寒月（7月）7.9℃、年降水量は586ミリメートル。1910年代以来の電力開発（グレート湖）および良港を背景に、市内北部左岸のリスドンでの亜鉛精錬をはじめ、工業が発達した。港から木材チップ、亜鉛、新聞紙、パルプ、リンゴなどを輸出・移出する。シドニーに次ぐ同国第二の古い都市で、1804年入植。1800～1870年代には捕鯨基地としても栄えた。名称は入植当時のイギリス本国植民地大臣名に由来。

［谷内　達］

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