Italian Renaissance philosopher. Born in Cosenza in southern Italy. He learned Latin and Greek from his uncle in Milan, then studied natural science, philosophy, and medicine in Padua, receiving his doctorate in 1535. He gradually built up his own system and wrote his major work, On the Nature of Things from Their Inherent Principles. The first two volumes were published in Rome in 1565, and the complete six volumes in Naples in 1586. He believed that those who studied nature before him had wasted time and effort, as can be seen from the contradictions between their theories and the givens of nature, and the conflicts between theories. He believed that this was because philosophers prided themselves on "seeking the principles of the world through reason," but "worked with illusions and transformed the works of God." He particularly opposed Aristotle, and believed that human knowledge could reach the pinnacle of its mission by simply following nature as it is, based on the senses. According to the senses, the sun and other celestial bodies have heat, and earth produces cold, so he made "heat" and "cold" the first principle, and tried to explain all things, including human beings (cognition, ethics), using these two principles of "heat" and "cold" inherent in earth, that is, matter. Despite his position, he did not feel any contradiction in Christian faith, and acknowledged the existence of the human soul and God as spiritual entities. This naturalistic way of thinking had a great influence on the thinking of Bruno and Campanella, among others. [Keiji Otani] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリア・ルネサンス期の哲学者。南イタリアのコゼンツァに生まれる。ミラノで叔父からラテン語とギリシア語を習い、ついでパドバで自然学、哲学、医学を学んで、1535年に学位を得る。その後徐々に自己の体系を築き、主著『その固有な原理からみた事物の本性について』を書く。1565年ローマで最初の2巻が、1586年ナポリで全6巻が出版された。 自分以前に自然を研究したものは、その理論と自然所与との矛盾、理論相互間の対立からもわかるように、むだな時間と苦労を費やしたとみる。それは、哲学者たちが「世界の原理を理性で求めている」と自負しながら、「幻想で仕事をし、神の作品を変形している」からだとする。とくにアリストテレスに反対し、感覚に基づいて自然をありのままに追うだけで、人間の知はその任務の頂点に達することができると考える。感覚によれば、太陽その他の天体は熱をもち、土は冷を生むことから、「熱」と「冷」を第一の原理とし、土すなわち物質に内在するこの「熱」と「冷」という二つの原理によって、人間(認識、倫理)を含めたあらゆる事柄を説明しようとした。このような立場にたちながらも、キリスト教信仰に矛盾を感じることなく、精神的実体としての人間の魂や神の存在を認めた。この自然主義的な考え方は、ブルーノやカンパネッラなどの思想に大きな影響を与えた。 [大谷啓治] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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