An unsaturated fatty acid. Also known as α-methylacrylic acid. It was produced by the acetone cyanohydrin process, developed in 1937, in which hydrogen cyanide is added to acetone to produce acetone cyanohydrin, which is then dehydrated and hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid. However, hydrogen cyanide is highly toxic and difficult to obtain and to treat as waste acid, so it is now synthesized by air oxidation of isobutylene (2-methylpropene) using a molybdenum catalyst. It appears as a colorless columnar crystal or liquid with a pungent odor. It is soluble in water at room temperature at about 18%, and dissolves well in organic solvents such as ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and ether. It is more acidic than acetic acid. It polymerizes easily, polymerizing gradually if left for a long time, and polymerizing quickly if a few drops of acid are added. It is used as a raw material for the synthesis of water-soluble polymers, for the production of copolymers with other vinyl compounds, and for the production of ion exchange resins. Methyl methacrylate, an ester of this compound, is an important raw material for acrylic resins, and is used in the production of organic glass, etc. [Mr. Hirota November 18, 2016] [References] | | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
不飽和脂肪酸の一つ。α(アルファ)-メチルアクリル酸ともいう。1937年に開発されたアセトンシアノヒドリン法により、アセトンにシアン化水素を付加させてアセトンシアノヒドリンにしたのち、硫酸により脱水・加水分解して製造していた。しかし、シアン化水素は猛毒で入手や廃酸処理がむずかしいので、現在では、モリブデン系触媒を用いてイソブチレン(2-メチルプロペン)を空気酸化して合成している。 無色の柱状結晶または液体で、刺激臭をもつ。水には常温で18%ほど溶け、エタノール(エチルアルコール)、エーテルなどの有機溶媒によく溶ける。酢酸よりも強い酸性を示す。重合をおこしやすく、長時間放置するだけで徐々に重合し、酸を数滴加えると速やかに重合する。水溶性高分子の合成原料、他のビニル化合物との共重合体の製造、イオン交換樹脂の製造などに用いる。この化合物のエステルであるメタクリル酸メチルは、アクリル樹脂の原料として重要で、有機ガラスなどの製造に用いられている。 [廣田 穰 2016年11月18日] [参照項目] | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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