A general term for crocodiles belonging to the Alligatoridae family of the Crocodilian order of the Reptilia class. Alligatoridae members are relatively docile in nature. They have a broad head and a rounded snout, and when their mouths are closed, the teeth of their lower jaw are hidden inside the teeth of their upper jaw and cannot be seen from the outside. They are divided into two groups based on differences in the structure of their skulls and scales, with one genus and two species in the Alligatorinae subfamily and three genera and five species in the Caimaninae subfamily. Of the Alligator genus, the Chinese crocodile Alligator sinensis is two meters long and is found in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, far removed from other Alligatoridae species. However, fossil crocodile species similar to this one have been discovered in Europe and the Americas, allowing us to infer their continuous distribution in the past. The Mississippi alligator A. mississippiensis , which lives in freshwater from the lower Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico and the Florida Peninsula in the United States, is the largest species in the Alligatoridae family, and can reach a total length of 2 to 4 meters, with the largest reaching nearly 6 meters, but the number of large individuals is decreasing significantly. It is docile, and females build mound-shaped nests near water to lay eggs, and take care of the eggs and raising them. The Caimaninae subfamily is distributed from southern Mexico to tropical America, and most are small, about 2 meters in length. In particular, the pygmy caiman Paleosuchus palpebrosus and the Brazilian caiman P. trigonatus are only about 1.2 meters in length. However, the black caiman Melanosuchus niger is large, reaching a total length of 3 to 4 meters, with a maximum of 5 meters, and is the only dangerous species in the Alligatoridae family. The spectacled caiman Caiman crocodilus , whose baby crocodiles are kept as pets, is widely distributed in Central and South America and is divided into four subspecies. [Takahiro Matsui] [Reference] |Smithsonian Institution "> American Crocodile Smithsonian Institution "> Mississippi Alligator ©Takahiro Matsui "> Difference Between Alligator and Crocodylidae ©Takahiro Matsui "> Major types of crocodiles [specimen illustrations] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
爬虫(はちゅう)綱ワニ目アリゲーター科に属するワニの総称。同科Alligatoridaeのものは性質が比較的おとなしい。頭部が幅広くて吻端(ふんたん)が円みを帯び、口を閉じたとき下あごの歯は、上あごの歯の内側に隠れて外からみえない。頭骨や鱗板(りんばん)の構造の違いによって2群に分けられ、アリゲーター亜科には1属2種、カイマン亜科には3属5種が含まれる。アリゲーター属のうち、ヨウスコウワニAlligator sinensisは全長2メートル、アリゲーター科の他種とかけ離れて中国の揚子江(ようすこう)下流域に分布している。しかし、ヨーロッパ、アメリカ大陸から本種に近いワニ化石種が発見されており、過去における連続分布が推測できる。アメリカ合衆国のミシシッピ川下流域からメキシコ湾沿岸およびフロリダ半島の淡水に生息するミシシッピワニA. mississippiensisはアリゲーター科のなかで最大の種で、全長2~4メートル、最大は6メートル近くになるが、大きな個体は著しく減少している。性質はおとなしく、雌は水辺に塚の巣をつくって産卵し、卵の保護から育児までめんどうをみる。カイマン亜科はメキシコ南部から熱帯アメリカに分布し、大半が2メートル前後の小形である。とくにコビトカイマンPaleosuchus palpebrosusとブラジルカイマンP. trigonatusは全長1.2メートルほどにすぎない。しかし、クロカイマンMelanosuchus nigerは全長3~4メートル、最大5メートルに達する大形で、アリゲーター科では唯一の危険種である。子ワニがペットにされるメガネカイマンCaiman crocodilusは中央・南アメリカに広く分布し、4亜種に分けられている。 [松井孝爾] [参照項目] |スミソニアン協会"> ヨウスコウワニ スミソニアン協会"> ミシシッピワニ ©松井孝爾"> アリゲーター科とクロコダイル科の違い ©松井孝爾"> ワニのおもな種類〔標本画〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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