Anti-Rightist Struggle - Fan-you-pai touzheng

Japanese: 反右派闘争 - はんうはとうそう（英語表記）Fan-you-pai touzheng

An ideological and political struggle against so-called right-wing elements that took place in China from June 1957 to the end of the year. From 1956 to early 1957, the "Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom, Let a Hundred Schools Contest" movement was carried out to encourage free speech, but as criticism of the Chinese Communist Party by democrats and intellectuals intensified in various ways, the Communist Party began to counter-criticize them. The June 8, 1957 editorial in the People's Daily kicked off the anti-right-wing struggle, and the June 9 editorial also launched a counterattack, saying, "Active criticism is necessary, but correct re-criticism is also necessary." The Fourth Session of the National People's Congress, held from the 26th to July 15th, became a conference for the anti-right-wing struggle and self-criticism of right-wing elements. Intellectuals who criticized the Communist Party's "heaven" and proletarian dictatorship were isolated as right-wing elements, and Zhang Bojun, Luo Longji, Chu Anping and others were targeted for denunciation and completely lost their political voice. The Anti-Rightist Movement, integrated with the Rectification Movement, developed into a nationwide movement from around August, and was also linked to the socialist education movement for the masses, which led to the Great Leap Forward of 1958. In the late 1970s, under the "Four Modernizations" policy, over 530,000 of the 550,000 people who were deemed right-wing in 1957 were exonerated, and the majority of the remaining were rehabilitated.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1957年6月から年末にかけて中国で行なわれた，いわゆる右派分子に対する思想・政治闘争。1956年から 1957年初頭にかけ，自由な発言を奨励する「百花斉放百家争鳴」の運動が展開されたが，民主党派や知識分子による中国共産党批判がさまざまなかたちで激化したため，共産党が反批判を開始した。1957年6月8日『人民日報』社説は反右派闘争の口火を切り，9日の社説も「積極的な批判も必要であるが，正しい再批判も必要である」として反撃に転じ，26日から 7月15日まで開かれた全国人民代表大会第4回会議は反右派闘争と右派分子自己批判の大会となった。共産党の「天下」やプロレタリア独裁を批判した知識人は右派分子として孤立し，章伯鈞，羅隆基，儲安平らは糾弾の的となって完全に政治的発言力を失った。反右派闘争は整風運動と一体となって 8月頃から全国的な運動に発展し，民衆に対する社会主義教育運動とも結びついて，1958年の大躍進へと展開していった。1970年代末，「四つの現代化」政策のもとで 1957年に右派とされた 55万人のうち 53万人余は冤罪，残りの大部分も名誉回復された。

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