Born: April 12, 1871, Isaki Island [Died] January 29, 1941. Athens Greek soldier and politician. Graduated from the military academy in 1890, he participated in the Greco-Turkish War in 1897. He then studied in Germany before returning to Greece in 1903. After the Balkan Wars, he served as Chief of Staff from 1913 to 1915. He maintained neutrality during World War I, but King Constantine abdicated under pressure from the Allies, and Greece declared war on Germany in June 1917, so he left the military in 1920. Metaxas returned to Greece in 1921 after the king was restored to the throne. After Greece's defeat in the Greco-Turkish War of 1921-22, the downfall of Venizelos and the replacement of the king led to repeated conflict between royalists and republicans. In 1935, constitutional monarchy was restored, and Metaxas became prime minister in April 1936. He imposed martial law, suspended parliamentary government, controlled freedom of speech, and suppressed republicans, leading to a dictatorship. In October 1940, he sided with the Allies when Italy invaded Greece, but died during the fighting. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1871.4.12. イサキ島 [没]1941.1.29. アテネ ギリシアの軍人,政治家。 1890年士官学校を卒業し,97年ギリシア=トルコ戦争に参加。その後ドイツへ留学し,1903年帰国。バルカン戦争を経て 13~15年参謀長。第1次世界大戦では中立を主張したが,連合国の圧力でコンスタンチヌス国王が退位し,17年6月ギリシアはドイツに宣戦したため 20年に軍を辞する。メタクサスは国王復位後の 21年帰国。 21~22年ギリシア=トルコ戦争でギリシアの敗北後,ベニゼロスの失脚,王の交代など,王党派と共和派の抗争が繰返され,35年に立憲君主制が復活し,36年4月メタクサスは首相に就任,戒厳令を敷いて議会政治の停止,言論の統制,共和派などの弾圧を断行し,独裁政治を行なった。 40年 10月,イタリアのギリシア侵入から連合国側についたが,戦いの途中死亡。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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