Maistre, Joseph de

Japanese: メーストル(英語表記)Maistre, Joseph de
Maistre, Joseph de
Born: 1 April 1753 in Chambéry
Died: February 26, 1821. Turin. French politician and philosopher. He served the Duchy of Savoy and became a member of the Duchy's parliament in 1787. In 1792, the Duchy was dissolved after the invasion of the French Republican Army, and he fled to Geneva, where he became acquainted with Madame de Stael and B. Constant. He served the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1797, holding important positions, and stayed in St. Petersburg as a special envoy from 1803 to 1817. He was initially influenced by liberalism, Freemasonry, and the Illuminati, but after the revolution he became the leading counter-revolutionary philosopher. He recognized ultramontanism on the basis of tradition, saw the king as the embodiment of the unity of the royal family, and argued for the necessity of absolute monarchy. His major works include "Considérations sur la France" (1796), "On the Papacy" (2 volumes, 1819), and "Les Soirées de St. Petersbourg" (2 volumes, 1821).

Maistre
Master, Xavier de

Born: November 8, 1763 in Chambéry
Died: June 12, 1852. St. Petersburg. French soldier and novelist. Younger brother of J. Maistre. Not fond of academics, he enlisted as an officer in the Sardinian army at the age of 18, and defected to Russia after the French occupation. He joined the Caucasus expedition as an officer in the Russian army, and was promoted to general. He wrote novels full of simple charm, such as Les Prisonniers du Caucase (1825), Le Jeune sibérienne (25), and essays such as Le Voyage autour de ma chambre (1795). Although he is not as famous as his brother Joseph in the literary world, he is considered a pioneer of romanticism in his actions and ideas.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1753.4.1. シャンベリー
[没]1821.2.26. トリノ
フランスの政治家,哲学者。サボイア公国に仕え,1787年同公国の議員となった。 1792年フランス共和国軍の侵入を受けて公国は消滅し,ジュネーブに亡命,スタール夫人や B.コンスタンらと交わった。 1797年よりサルジニア王国に仕官して要職につき,1803~17年特派全権大使としてペテルブルグに滞在。初めは自由主義,フリーメーソン,照明派の影響を受けたが,革命後に反革命派第一の哲学者となった。伝統を根拠としてウルトラモンタニスムスを認め,王家の単一性を体現するものとして王をとらえ,絶対君主制の必要を主張した。主著『フランスについての考察』 Considérations sur la France (1796) ,『教皇論』 Du Pape (2巻,1819) ,『ペテルブルグ夜話』 Les Soirées de St. Petersbourg (2巻,1821) 。

メーストル
Maistre, Xavier de

[生]1763.11.8. シャンベリー
[没]1852.6.12. ペテルブルグ
フランスの軍人,小説家。 J.メーストルの弟。学問を好まず,18歳のときサルジニア軍に士官として入隊,フランス軍による占領後ロシアに亡命。ロシア軍士官としてカフカス (コーカサス) 遠征に加わり,将官に昇進。かたわら素朴な魅力にあふれる小説『コーカサスの捕虜』 Les Prisonniers du Caucase (1825) ,『若きシベリア娘』 Le Jeune sibérienne (25) ,随筆『部屋をめぐっての旅』 Le Voyage autour de ma chambre (1795) などを書いた。文学的には兄ジョゼフほどの名声はないが,その行動や思想においてロマン主義の先駆者と目される。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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