Born: 1 April 1753 in Chambéry Died: February 26, 1821. Turin. French politician and philosopher. He served the Duchy of Savoy and became a member of the Duchy's parliament in 1787. In 1792, the Duchy was dissolved after the invasion of the French Republican Army, and he fled to Geneva, where he became acquainted with Madame de Stael and B. Constant. He served the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1797, holding important positions, and stayed in St. Petersburg as a special envoy from 1803 to 1817. He was initially influenced by liberalism, Freemasonry, and the Illuminati, but after the revolution he became the leading counter-revolutionary philosopher. He recognized ultramontanism on the basis of tradition, saw the king as the embodiment of the unity of the royal family, and argued for the necessity of absolute monarchy. His major works include "Considérations sur la France" (1796), "On the Papacy" (2 volumes, 1819), and "Les Soirées de St. Petersbourg" (2 volumes, 1821). Maistre |
[生]1753.4.1. シャンベリー [没]1821.2.26. トリノ フランスの政治家,哲学者。サボイア公国に仕え,1787年同公国の議員となった。 1792年フランス共和国軍の侵入を受けて公国は消滅し,ジュネーブに亡命,スタール夫人や B.コンスタンらと交わった。 1797年よりサルジニア王国に仕官して要職につき,1803~17年特派全権大使としてペテルブルグに滞在。初めは自由主義,フリーメーソン,照明派の影響を受けたが,革命後に反革命派第一の哲学者となった。伝統を根拠としてウルトラモンタニスムスを認め,王家の単一性を体現するものとして王をとらえ,絶対君主制の必要を主張した。主著『フランスについての考察』 Considérations sur la France (1796) ,『教皇論』 Du Pape (2巻,1819) ,『ペテルブルグ夜話』 Les Soirées de St. Petersbourg (2巻,1821) 。 メーストル
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