Also known as the Act of Supremacy. Statutes enacted by the British Parliament in 1534 and 1559. The former states that the King is, and should be, the only Supreme Head of the Church of England. The Reformation, which began as a result of Henry VIII's divorce, was concluded with the enactment of the Act of Supremacy in 1533, and the independence of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church and its subordination to the state. Elizabeth I, who then embarked on the restoration of the Church of England after the restoration of Catholicism under Mary I, attempted to pass the Act of Supremacy again in her first parliament in 1559, and succeeded. It abolished all the reactionary legislation enacted by the previous Queen that denied the direction of reform, and made many of the measures taken by her father, Henry VIII, valid, but changed the title of supremacy from "only supreme head" to "only Supreme Governor." [Masahiko Uemura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
首長令ともいわれる。1534年および59年のイギリス議会で定められた法令。前者では国王がイングランド教会の「唯一最高の首長」the only Supreme Headであり、かつ、あるべしとうたわれている。ヘンリー8世の離婚問題を契機として始まった宗教改革は、33年の上納禁止法を経て国王至上法の制定をみ、ここにいちおうの完結を迎え、イングランド教会のローマ・カトリック教会からの独立と、教会の国家への従属が確実にされた。その後、メアリー1世治世時のカトリック復活のあとでイングランド教会の再建に踏み出したエリザベス1世は、59年、最初の議会でふたたび国王至上法の通過を図り、これに成功した。そこでは、前女王の定めた、改革の方向を否定する反動立法がすべて廃止され、父王ヘンリー8世のとった措置の多くを有効としたが、至上性を表す称号を「唯一最高の首長」から「唯一最高の統治者」the only Supreme Governorに変更している。 [植村雅彦] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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