Sir Charles Wheatstone

Japanese: ホイートストン - ほいーとすとん(英語表記)Sir Charles Wheatstone
Sir Charles Wheatstone

British physicist and inventor. Born in Gloucester, the son of a musical instrument dealer. Professor of Experimental Physics at King's College in 1834, and Fellow of the Royal Society in 1836. He initially focused on musical instruments and acoustics, publishing a paper on sound waves in 1823 and inventing the concertina in 1829. In 1834, he measured the speed of electrical conduction and gradually moved on to electrical studies. He worked on the practical issues of railway construction and the associated communication lines that became more active during the British Industrial Revolution, inventing the five-needle telegraph in 1837 with W. F. Cook and demonstrating the validity of Ohm's theory, which was not fully appreciated at the time. He then studied methods of measuring the resistance of telegraph equipment and circuits, and in 1843 invented the Wheatstone bridge circuit, an application and development of the circuit (1833) used by Samuel H. Christie (1784-1865) to measure electromotive forces. His work provided the fundamental theory for early telecommunications technology and pointed out the importance of Ohm's law in electrical engineering.

[Akio Kaizuka]

[References] | Ohm's law | Cook | Telegraph | Bridge circuit

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスの物理学者、発明家。楽器商の子としてグロスターに生まれる。1834年キングズ・カレッジの実験物理学教授、1836年王立協会会員。初めはおもに楽器と音響学の研究を行い、1823年、音波に関する論文を発表、1829年にはコンサーティーナ(手風琴)を発明した。1834年、電気の伝導速度を測定して、しだいに電気学の研究へと進んだ。イギリス産業革命期を通じて活発化した鉄道建設とそれに伴う通信線設置の実用的課題に取り組み、1837年W・F・クックと共同で5針式電信機を発明、また当時、十分評価されていなかった「オームの理論」の有効性を実証した。そして電信機器や回路の抵抗測定法を研究し、1843年クリスティSamuel H. Christie(1784―1865)が起電力の比較測定に用いた回路(1833)を応用、発展させたホイートストンブリッジ回路を発明した。彼の研究は初期の電気通信技術に基礎的な理論を与え、また電気学ではオームの法則の重要性を指摘するものとなった。

[貝塚昭夫]

[参照項目] | オームの法則 | クック | 電信 | ブリッジ回路

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Wheatstone Bridge

>>:  Boito, Arrigo

Recommend

Acidosis - Acidosis

This refers to a state in which the relationship ...

Odd Eyes - Odd Eyes (English spelling)

Heterochromia is when the eyes are different color...

81/2 - One in two (English) Otto and mezzo

An Italian film made in 1963. In black and white. ...

Osteon

Also called an osteon. A unit of compact bone that...

Amicable Society - Amicable Society

…This was a mutual aid association that collected...

Ibn Mājid

In the mid-15th century, he was active as a mu'...

Local maximum value

The value at which a function reaches its maximum....

Fear

...the general term for a cone-shaped volcano and...

Kora [town] - Kora

A town in Inukami County in central-eastern Shiga ...

Oaso Weir - Oaso Weir

...The largest irrigation canal in the Arakawa Ri...

şarkı (English spelling) sarki

…(1) Folk music is still a vibrant tradition, but...

cleaning of coal

…In the broad sense of coal washing, the central ...

Kanose [town] - Kanose

A former town in the midstream of the Agano River ...

Toad

Portuguese navigator and pioneer of the sea route ...

Deimos (English spelling)

A moon of Mars. Also called Deimos. It was discov...