The capital of Ivanovo Oblast in the western part of the Russian Federation. It is an industrial city located on the banks of the Ubodi River, a tributary of the Volga River, about 318 km northeast of Moscow. It has a population of 463,400 (1999). It is one of Russia's leading textile industrial cities, and in addition to the blended spinning, worsted, cotton, silk, and woolen fabrics, and ready-made clothing manufacturing industries, after World War II, machinery industries such as textile machinery, self-propelled cranes, peat mining machines, and boring machines, food (meat, margarine, and seafood processing), chemicals, wood processing, and construction materials industries have developed. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, 12 factories and industrial complexes have been operating in the textile sector, but they are in a difficult situation due to a decline in production. The first manufacture was established in the village of Ivanovo in 1741, and at the end of the 18th century, the production of flax cloth was switched to cotton cloth production, and after the emancipation of the serfs (1861), the textile industry developed greatly. In 1871, the villages of Ivanovo and Voznesensk merged to form the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk, which flourished as the center of Russia's major textile industry and was called the "Manchester of Russia." The "Ivanovo-Voznesensk strike" that occurred in 1905 is famous in the history of the labor movement. The city's name was used until 1932. In addition to the university, there are universities of textiles, medicine, agriculture, chemistry, and education, a local museum, an art museum, and a symphony orchestra. [Taizo Nakamura and Toshio Omata] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシア連邦西部、イワノボ州の州都。モスクワの北東約318キロメートル、ボルガ川の支流ウボディ川の川岸にある工業都市。人口46万3400(1999)。ロシア有数の繊維工業都市で、混紡、梳毛(そもう)、綿・絹・毛織物、既製服製造工業のほか、第二次世界大戦後、繊維機械、自走クレーン、泥炭採掘機、中ぐり盤などを製造する機械工業、食品(食肉、マーガリン、水産加工)、化学、木材加工、建設資材工業などが発展した。ソ連崩壊後、繊維部門では12の工場、コンビナートが操業しているが、生産低下など厳しい状況下にある。1741年、イワノボ村に最初のマニュファクチュアが操業し、18世紀末に亜麻(あま)布生産から綿布生産に転換、農奴解放(1861)後、繊維工業が大発展した。1871年イワノボ村とボズネセンスク村が合併して、イワノボ・ボズネセンスク市となり、ロシアの大繊維工業中心地として栄え、「ロシアのマンチェスター」とよばれた。1905年に生じた「イワノボ・ボズネセンスクのストライキ」は労働運動史上著名である。同市名は1932年まで用いられた。総合大学のほか、繊維、医科、農業、化学、教育の諸大学、郷土博物館、美術館などの施設があり、交響楽団も存在する。 [中村泰三・小俣利男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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