Mayer, Louis B(urt)

Japanese: メイヤー（英語表記）Mayer, Louis B(urt)

Born: July 4, 1885 in Minsk (now Minsk, Belarus)
[Died] October 29, 1957. Los Angeles, California, USA. An American film entrepreneur and producer of Russian origin. His real name was Eliezer Mayer. His parents were Russian immigrants, and from the age of 14 he worked for his father in ship salvaging and scrap metal processing. In 1907 he opened a movie theater in Haverhill, Massachusetts, and by 1918 had created the largest movie theater chain in New England. In the same year, he moved to Hollywood and founded Louis B. Mayer Pictures and Metro Pictures, which merged with Samuel Goldwyn's Goldwyn Pictures six years later to form Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer MGM. He built the Hollywood star system of the 1920s and 1930s, producing stars such as Greta Garbo, Joan Crawford, Rudolph Valentino, and Clark Gable. His most famous works include Grand Hotel (1932).

Mayer
Meir, Golda

Born: May 3, 1898 in Kyiv
[Died] December 8, 1978. Tel Aviv-Yafo. Israeli female politician. Maiden name Goldie Mabovitch. In 1906, she moved with her family to Milwaukee, USA. After graduating from a normal school there, she worked as an elementary school teacher and became one of the leaders of the Milwaukee Zionist Labor Party. In 1921, she moved to Palestine with her husband M. Meyerson. In 1928, she became secretary of the Women's Labor Council, and from 1934, she served as an executive committee member of the General Federation of Labor of Israel. In 1946, she became the head of the Political Bureau of the Jewish Agency. In May 1948, she became the first ambassador to the Soviet Union when the State of Israel was established. In 1949, she was elected to the Knesset and became Minister of Labor. When she was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1956, she changed her surname to Hebrew. After resigning from her position as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1966, she became Secretary General of the Mapai Party and assisted Prime Minister L. Eshkol. In 1969, she became Prime Minister upon Eshkol's death. In April 1974, he was held responsible for the lack of preparations for the previous October's war, and he submitted his resignation, which was accepted, and he stepped down from his position as prime minister in June.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1885.7.4. ミンスク（現ベラルーシ，ミンスク）
[没]1957.10.29. アメリカ合衆国，カリフォルニア，ロサンゼルス
ロシア出身のアメリカ合衆国の映画企業家，制作者。本名 Eliezer Mayer。ロシア移民を両親にもち，14歳の頃から父親のもとで船舶引き揚げや鉄くず処理の仕事に従事する。1907年マサチューセッツ州ヘーバリルに映画館を開館，1918年までにニューイングランド最大の映画館チェーンをつくり上げた。同年，ハリウッドに進出し，ルイス・B・メイヤー・ピクチャーズ・アンド・メトロ・ピクチャーズを設立，6年後にサミュエル・ゴールドウィンのゴールドウィン・ピクチャーズと合併してメトロ＝ゴールドウィン＝メイヤー MGMを結成した。1920～30年代のハリウッドにおいてスター・システムを構築し，グレタ・ガルボ，ジョーン・クローフォード，ルドルフ・バレンチノ，クラーク・ゲーブルらを輩出した。代表作に『グランド・ホテル』Grand Hotel（1932）など。

メイヤー
Meir， Golda

[生]1898.5.3. キエフ
[没]1978.12.8. テルアビブヤフォ
イスラエルの女性政治家。旧姓 Goldie Mabovitch。 1906年家族とアメリカのミルウォーキーに移住。同地の師範学校を卒業後，小学校の教師をつとめ，ミルウォーキー・シオニスト労働党の指導者の一人となった。 21年夫の M.メイヤーソンとともにパレスチナに移住。 28年婦人労働評議会書記，34年以降イスラエル労働総同盟の執行委員をつとめた。 46年ユダヤ機関の政治局長に就任。 48年5月イスラエル建国に伴い，初代ソ連駐在大使に就任。 49年国会議員に選出され，労働相となった。 56年外相に任命されると，姓をヘブライ語化して改名。 66年外相を辞任後マパイ党書記長となり，L.エシュコル首相を補佐。 69年エシュコル首相の死に伴い首相に就任。 74年4月，前年の十月戦争の準備不足の責任を追及されて辞表を提出，受理され，6月首相の座を降りた。

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