Robert Gradmann

Japanese: グラートマン（英語表記）Robert Gradmann

1865‐1950
German geographer. Born in Laufen on the Neckar River. After graduating from the University of Tübingen, he engaged in vegetation research in the Swabian Alps, and opened up new frontiers in plant geography by positing that this region was covered in a steppe plain with dry vegetation with few trees during the dry period of the postglacial period. Later, under the guidance of A. Hettner, he published essays such as The Landscape of Central Europe and its Historical Development (1901) and The Relationship between Plant Geography and Settlement History (1906), in which he argued that the prototype of the Geban villages, which practiced three-field agriculture on the plains of medieval southern Germany, was established near springs in the steppe plain in prehistoric times, and that the small villages and scattered villages that are common in the mountains only came into existence after the Middle Ages, when coniferous forests were developed.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

1865‐1950
ドイツの地理学者。ネッカー河畔のラウフェン生れ。チュービンゲン大学を卒業後，シュワーベンアルプにおける植生研究に従事し，後氷期の乾燥期にこの地方が樹林に乏しい乾燥性植生からなる〈ステップ荒原〉に覆われたと推定して植物地理学に新生面をひらく。その後A.ヘットナーの指導のもとに《中欧の景観像とその史的変遷》(1901)や《植物地理学と集落史の関係》(1906)などの論考において，中世南ドイツの平野で三圃農業を営んだゲバン村落の原型が，先史時代に〈ステップ荒原〉の泉のそばで成立し，山間に多い小村や散村は中世以降針葉樹林の開拓によって初めて成立したと主張する。

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