It is the most highly coalified coal, and is defined by the JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) as having a fuel ratio (ratio of fixed carbon to volatile matter) of 4.0 or more. It has a carbon content of 90% or more, a black semi-metallic luster, and its electrical resistance drops sharply (below 10 10 Ω·cm). It is non-caking and has a low volatile content, burns with a short flame, and produces almost no smoke. This is the origin of the name anthracite. In the past, it was used as fuel as it is, or as a raw material for briquettes and carbon bricks. For industrial purposes, it is used as a raw material for foundry coke and as a raw material for injection into blast furnaces. It is hardly liquefied, but can be used as a raw material for gasification. Coal close to bituminous coal is called semi-anthracite, and is also used as a blending raw material for the production of blast furnace coke. There is also a relatively porous coal that has a carbon content of 90% or more but is gray in color, and is called anthracite. It is produced by rapid distillation by magma underground, and is distinguished from anthracite. [Ouchi's Earl, Toshihiro Aramaki] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
もっとも石炭化度の高い石炭で、JIS(ジス)(日本工業規格)では燃料比(固定炭素と揮発分の比)4.0以上のものと定義している。炭素含有量が90%以上あり、黒色の半金属光沢を有し、電気抵抗も急激に低下(1010Ω・cm以下)する。非粘結性で揮発分は少なく、燃焼するときは短い炎で燃え、煙をほとんど出さない。これが無煙炭の語源となっている。古くはそのまま燃料にするか、あるいは練炭、炭素れんがなどの原料として重宝されていた。産業用としては、鋳物用コークスの原料や高炉への吹込み原料として用いられる。ほとんど液化はしないが、ガス化原料としては使える。瀝青炭(れきせいたん)に近いものを半無煙炭といい、高炉用コークス製造用の配合原料としての用途もある。同じく炭素含有量が90%以上あるが灰色を呈する比較的多孔質の石炭があり、煽石(せんせき)とよばれる。これは、地中でマグマの作用によって急速に乾留作用を受けて生成したもので、無煙炭とは区別される。 [大内公耳・荒牧寿弘] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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