Inaction - Mui

Japanese: 無為 - むい

〘Noun〙① (adjective) The state of being left to nature and without any effort. Also, the state of being. *Kaifuso (751) Bosetsu (Ki no Komaro) "Without any action, the saint's virtue _{is heavy and} two inches thick, _and with the divine merit is light _{and two} balls thick _. " *Shugiwasho (around 1676) 7 "The world was governed without any action because heaven and earth and virtue were united." [Laozi - Chapter 2] ② (adjective) The state of being peaceful and safe. Also, the state of being. *Kaden (around 760) 2 "In the past, the sage ruler and wise ministers moved the capital to this place, and the children and elders of the village all praised "without action," carrying their hands and circulating along the great road of songs." *Higashinoshu Monsho (around 1455) 3 "Jokoin appeared and congratulated the world for its inaction." ③ A Buddhist phrase. Something that is not created by causality, and is free from birth, death and change. The truth that is eternal and absolute. Enlightenment. The law of non-action. Unaction (musa) . Bui. Used in contrast to action (ui) . ※Konjakushu (around 1120): "He attained long periods of non-action and reached the shore of liberation." [Muryoju Sutra, Vol. 1] ④ (adjective) To settle safely. To be free from trouble or damage. Also, the state of being so. ※Kyokyo-ki, July 1413 (Oei 20): "The Takatsukasa Higashinotoin accounting quarters were burned down. Although _{it was} _a _shock _to _the neighbors, it was highly valued as _a non _-action ." ⑤ (adjective) To have no particular flaws to point out. Also, the state of being so. ※Kobayakawa Family Documents - Kobayakawa Family Certificate (year unknown) (Muromachi) October 2nd, Kobayakawa Hirokage's writing: "Since I have been older, my mind has been quiet and idle, so it is a good treasure."⑥ (adjective-verb) Doing nothing. To loiter without doing anything. Also, the state of doing so. ※Kokin (905-914), Mana Preface: "In this world in which man _lives , _it is impossible to be idle. Thoughts change _easily , and _sorrows and joys change frequently." ※Bunmei _-ron no Gairyaku (Outline of a Theory of Civilization) (1875) (Fukuzawa Yukichi), 2: "Even those who live off the idleness of wealthy merchants and farmers should not take away their property."⑦ Something uninteresting. Something without interest. ※Rokujoan Shisho - Volume 2 (1797), 5. Evening Spring by Ton Sokei, Spring in Lanzhou, "I saw the waters passing east before my eyes, and I went to the grave of idleness to visit the west."⑧ In medicine, one of the symptoms of mental illness. A state of doing nothing all day without getting bored. A state of reduced intensity of activity.

Bu- i..i [inaction]

〘Noun〙① (adjective) To leave things as they are and not to do anything about them. To leave things as they are and not to interfere in the slightest. Also, the state of being like that. Mui. ※Uji Shui (c. 1221) 10 ``If something were to happen to them, I would wonder what my parents would think.'' ② (adjective) Something that is unchanging and peaceful. Something that is calm. Also, the state of being like that. Peaceful. ※Masakagami (c. 1368-76) 14 ``The barbarian people found this extremely noble and comforting, and they played the tune as loud as they could.'' ③ (adjective) To waste an action. To do nothing. To lose connection. Also, the state of being like that. ※Kana Zoushi・Katakana Hon Inkagoto (1661) Part 2 “When I stopped zazen, my spirit weakened. The Rai-go also ceased. I became bui .” ④ = mui (non-action) ③※Taiheiki (Late 14th century) 10 “If one has been a disciple of Shakyamuni since childhood, it is only natural that one should abandon gratitude and enter bui. ” [Essay] (1) The reading is “ fui” in the “Kosan-ji Hon Analects” (first edition of the Kamakura period) and “ mui” in the “Myoichiban Kana Written Lotus Sutra” (middle edition of the Kamakura period), so it seems that the Chinese classics were basically pronounced “bui” in the Kan’on pronunciation and the Buddhist scriptures were pronounced “mui” in the Go’on pronunciation.
(2) On the other hand, in old dictionaries, the Kan'on reading is widely seen in the "Iroha Jiruisho" and other medieval and early modern Setsuyoshu, while the Go'on reading is only found in the "Bunmeihon Setsuyoshu" as " Mui Mujou ," and in other parts of the same book the Kan'on reading is used. Thus, it is thought that the Kan'on reading was dominant at least in the Middle Ages.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① (形動) 自然にまかせて、作為するところのないこと。また、そのさま。ぶい。※懐風藻（751）望雪〈紀古麻呂〉「無為聖徳重_二寸陰_一、有道神功軽_二球琳_一」※集義和書（1676頃）七「無為にして天下治まりしは、天地と徳を合せたまふ故なり」〔老子‐二章〕② (形動) 平穏無事であること。また、そのさま。ぶい。※家伝（760頃）下「昔聖主賢臣遷都此地、郷童野老共称无為、携手巡行、遊歌大路」※東野州聞書（1455頃）三「常光院光臨有り、天下の無為なる事を祝ひ申しける也」③ 仏語。因縁によって作られたものでなく、生滅変化を離れたもの。常住絶対の真実。さとり。無為法。無作(むさ)。ぶい。有為(うい)に対していう。※今昔（1120頃か）一「永く无為を得て解脱の岸に至れりと」〔無量寿経‐上〕④ (形動) 無事におさまること。関係や被害が及ばないですむこと。また、そのさま。※教興卿記‐応永二〇年（1413）七月「鷹司東洞院出納宿所焼失了。為_二近所_一之間雖_レ為_二仰天_一、属_二無為_一之間珍重々々」⑤ (形動) とりたてて指摘する欠点がないこと。また、そのさま。※小早川家文書‐小早川家証文・（年未詳）（室町）一〇月二日・小早川弘景置文写「年よりも心立もおとなしく無為成者にて候間、よき御たからにて候」⑥ (形動) 何もしないこと。何もしないでぶらぶらしていること。また、そのさま。※古今（905‐914）真名序「人之在_レ世、不_レ能_二無為_一、思慮易_レ遷、哀楽相変」※文明論之概略（1875）〈福沢諭吉〉二「富商豪農の無為にして食ふ者も其産を奪はざる可らず」⑦ あじけないこと。趣がないこと。※六如庵詩鈔‐二編（1797）五・暮春与伴蕎渓春蘭州遊兎道「惟看眼前東逝水、無為墓上征西名」⑧ 医学で、精神病の症状の一つ。一日中何もせず、しかも退屈しない状態。活動性の強度に減退した状態。

ぶ‐い ‥ヰ【無為】

〘名〙① (形動) 自然のままにして作為しないこと。あるがままにして少しも干渉しないこと。また、そのさま。むい。※宇治拾遺（1221頃）一〇「ぶゐに事いで来ば、わが親たちいかにおはせんと」② (形動) 変わりなく平穏なこと。おだやかなこと。また、そのさま。無事。※増鏡（1368‐76頃）一四「あらき夷どもの心にも、いとかたじけなき事となごみて、ぶいなるべく奏しけり」③ (形動) 行為を無駄にすること。なにもしないこと。つながりがなくなること。また、そのさま。※仮名草子・片仮名本因果物語（1661）下「右の気減り坐禅を止ければ。来迎もやみ。無為(ブイ)になりたり」④ ＝むい（無為）③※太平記（１４Ｃ後）一〇「幼少より釈門に至る身ならば、恩を棄て無為(ブイ)に入る道も然なるべし」[語誌](1)読みは、「高山寺本論語」（鎌倉初）に「無為(フヰ)」、「妙一本仮名書き法華経」（鎌倉中）に「有為無為(ムヰ)」と加点されているところから、基本的には漢籍系が漢音「ぶゐ」、仏典系が呉音「むゐ」であったらしい。
(2)一方、古辞書類では漢音読みが「色葉字類抄」を始めとして中・近世の節用集に広く見られる一方、呉音読みは「文明本節用集」に「無為(ムイ) 无常」とあるのみで、同書でも他では漢音の読みである。このように、少なくとも中世においては漢音読みの方が優勢であったと考えられる。

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