al-Mu'allaqāt (English spelling)

Japanese: ムアッラカート - むあっらかーと(英語表記)al-Mu‘allaqāt
al-Mu'allaqāt (English spelling)

A representative collection of poetry from ancient Arabia. From the 6th to the 7th century, seven great poets appeared one after another on the western coast of the Arabian Peninsula before Islam, and the collection of seven long poems called "mu'arraqat" (plural) by each poet is called "mu'arraqat". Each poet's "mu'arraqa" is usually about 80 lines long, and there are many theories about the origin of the name. One of them is that at that time, a poetry competition was held at the regular market in Uqaz (a town on the west coast of the peninsula), and the best poems were to be "hanged" (mu'arraq) in gold letters on the wall of the Kaaba (Mecca). The seven great poets in this collection are Imrul Qais, Zuhair, Amr ibn Kulthum, Tarafa, Rabid, Harith ibn Hillizah, and Antara. Some sources later add three more poets, Arsha, Nabigah, and Abeed, to this collection, making Mu'arraqat the ten greatest poets.

However, the content of each poet's "Mu'allakat" is very similar, taking the form of a lyric poem called a "qasida," which begins with a poem about a man standing in ruins and reminiscing about a former lover, and many of them go on to describe the nature and animals of the desert, complain about the harshness of desert travel, and end by praising the broad-minded nature of the Arab people. It is said that epic poetry did not develop in ancient Arabia, and literature was born from lyric poetry, but "Mu'allakat" has enduring value as a representative work of that time. The editor is unknown.

[Ryoichi Uchiki]

[References] | Asha | Amr ibn Kulthum | Imrul Qais | Zuhair

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代アラビアの代表的詩集。6世紀から7世紀にかけて、イスラム以前のアラビア半島西岸地方に7人の大詩人が次々に出現し、各人の「ムアッラカ」とよばれる長詩7編の集大成を「ムアッラカート」(複数形)という。各詩人の「ムアッラカ」は普通80行ぐらいの長さで、その名前の由来については多くの説がある。その一つは、当時ウカーズ(半島西岸部の町)の定期市で詩の競作会が行われ、ここでの秀作が金文字でカーバ神殿(メッカ)の壁に「吊(つ)るされる(ムアッラク)」ことになっていたからである、という。この詩集の七大詩人とは、イムル・ル・カイス、ズハイル、アムル・イブン・クルスーム、タラファ、ラビード、ハーリス・イブン・ヒッリザ、アンタラである。なお、その後さらにアーシャー、ナービガ、アビードの三詩人をこれに加えて、ムアッラカートを十大詩人集とするものもある。

 しかし各詩人の「ムアッラカ」の内容はたいへんよく似ており、「カシーダ」とよばれる叙情詩の形式をとり、廃墟(はいきょ)にたたずんでかつての恋人をしのぶ句に始まり、砂漠の自然や動物を描写するとともに砂漠の旅の厳しさを訴え、アラブ人の心の広い気質などをたたえて終わるものが多い。古代アラビアには叙事詩は発達せず叙情詩から文学が生まれたとされているが、その代表的作品として「ムアッラカート」は不朽の価値をもつ。編者は不詳。

[内記良一]

[参照項目] | アーシャー | アムル・イブン・クルスーム | イムル・ル・カイス | ズハイル

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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