Cātta(■1)ār (English spelling) Cattanar

...In the two or three centuries following the establishment of Sangam literature, Buddhism and Jainism flourished in South India, and a relatively large number of works with ethical and religious tendencies were produced. The collection of proverbs "Kural" (around the 5th century), which is considered a symbol of classical Tamil culture, was completed by Tiruvalluvar, and the Tamil epics "Silapadiharam" (mid-5th century?) and "Manimeharai" (late 5th century?), which have female protagonists, were completed by Ilango Adihar, whose ideology was close to Jainism, and Cāttaār, a Buddhist. In the 6th century, Buddhism and Jainism declined, and instead, Shaivism and Vaishnavism spread among the people. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Cātta(■1)ār" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…サンガム文学の成立に続く2,3世紀の間，南インドでは仏教とジャイナ教が栄え，倫理的宗教的傾向のある作品が比較的多く作られた。古典タミル文化の象徴とされる箴言集《クラル》(5世紀ころ)がティルバッルバルによって，女性を主人公とするタミル独自の叙事詩《シラパディハーラム》(5世紀中葉？)と《マニメーハライ》(5世紀後半？)が，思想的にジャイナ教に近いイランゴー･アディハルと仏教徒サータナールCāttaārによって，それぞれ完成された。6世紀になると仏教とジャイナ教は衰退し，代わってシバ教とビシュヌ教が民衆の間に広まった。…

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