A title used in ancient Rome. In Rome, when a commander was called "Imperator" by his soldiers after a victory in battle, the commander wore this title for the duration of his term or until the time of his triumphal procession. The meaning is "bearer of imperium." The first confirmed example is found in 189 BC. At the end of the Republic, it became a title that signified military authority, and Caesar used it permanently. The first emperor, Augustus, added this to the beginning of his official name as emperor, "Imperator Caesar divi filius Augustus," and it came to be used as a title representing the highest authority thereafter. However, its use as a title for victorious generals also continued, and emperors counted the honor of their subordinate generals' victories as their own, adding "Imperator how many times" to the end of their official titles. It is the origin of the English word emperor. [Yuge Tatsuya] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古代ローマにおいて用いられた称号。ローマでは、司令官が、戦勝のあと、兵士によって「インペラトル」と呼びかけられると、その司令官は任期中あるいは凱旋(がいせん)式挙行までの期間、この称号を帯びた。語義は「インペリウム」保持者。最初の確実な例は、紀元前189年にみいだされる。共和政末期には軍事的権威を意味する称号となり、カエサルはこれを永続的に用いた。初代皇帝アウグストゥスは、皇帝としての正式名“Imperator Caesar divi filius Augustus”の冒頭にこれをつけ、以後、最高権力を表す称号として用いられるようになった。しかし、戦勝将軍の称号としての用法も存続し、皇帝は部下の将軍の戦勝の栄誉を自己のものとして数え、正式称号の末尾に「インペラトル何回」というふうにつけた。英語のemperorの語源である。 [弓削 達] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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