Nerve cell

Japanese: 神経細胞 - しんけいさいぼう

Also called neurons. Cells that make up nervous tissue. Generally large cells with numerous processes, in the narrow sense they refer to only the cell body excluding the processes. They are found in large numbers in the gray matter of the central nervous system, and in ganglia in the peripheral nervous system, and are also found in large and small groups inside or near various organs. They are classified as unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar depending on the number of processes. There are two types of processes. Dendrites (protoplasmic processes) are one or more, and most are short and branch out like tree branches, and are used by nerve cells to receive stimuli from other sources. Axon processes (neurites) are often single, long and reach far, and are used by nerve cells to transmit excitement to other sources. Inside nerve cells, there are mitochondria, Golgi bodies, and other structures, as well as mesh-like neurofibrils and Nissl bodies, which can be seen with special staining.
→ Related topics Nerves | Nervous system | Ganglia | Nerve fibers | Plexuses | Neurons

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

ニューロンとも。神経組織を構成する細胞。ふつう多数の突起をもった，概して大型の細胞で，狭義には突起を除いた細胞体だけを呼ぶ。中枢神経では灰白質，末梢神経では神経節に多数集まり，また諸種の器官の内部，付近に大小の群をつくって存在する。突起の数により単極性，双極性，多極性と区別される。突起には２種類ある。樹状突起（原形質突起）は１本以上で，多くは短く木の枝のように分岐し，神経細胞が他からの刺激を受け取るためのものである。軸索突起（神経突起）は多くは１本だけで長くのびて遠くへ達し，神経細胞が他へ興奮を伝えるためのものである。神経細胞の内部にはミトコンドリア，ゴルジ体などのほか，網目状の神経原繊維や，ニッスル小体があり，特別な染色で認められる。
→関連項目神経｜神経系｜神経節｜神経繊維｜神経叢｜ニューロン

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