Toshiyoshi Miyazawa

Constitutional scholar. Born in Nagano City on March 6, 1899. After graduating from the law department of Tokyo Imperial University, he became an assistant professor at the same university in 1925 (Taisho 14), and studied in France in 1930 (Showa 5). After returning to Japan, he became a professor in 1934, and took over the constitutional law course as the successor to Tatsukichi Minobe. Under the old constitution, he wrote many papers critically analyzing the ideology of dictatorship and fascism from the standpoint of critical rationalism, and after World War II, he was active as an interpreter and defender of the Japanese constitution. In particular, his "August Revolution Theory," which claims that the acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration was a legal revolution that changed the sovereign from the Emperor to the people, has been the subject of fierce debate ever since. He had a wide range of hobbies and was well-known as an essayist. He was awarded the Order of Cultural Merit in 1969 (Showa 44). He passed away on September 4, 1976. His books include "Constitution" and "Commentary on the Constitution of Japan," as well as many collections of essays and critiques.

[Ryuichi Nagao]

"Hara Hideo, "Miyazawa Toshiyoshi - Theory and Practice" (included in "Japanese Legal Philosophy (1) Annual Report of Legal Philosophy 78" edited by the Japanese Association of Legal Philosophy, Yuhikaku)" ▽ "Miyazawa Toshiyoshi, revised and revised "The Constitution of Japan" (1978, Nippon Hyoronsha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

憲法学者。明治32年3月6日長野市に生まれる。東京帝国大学法科卒業後、1925年（大正14）同大学助教授となり、30年（昭和5）フランスに留学。帰国後、34年教授となり、美濃部(みのべ)達吉の後継者として憲法講座を担当した。旧憲法下においては、批判的合理主義の立場から、独裁制やファシズムのイデオロギーを批判的に分析する論文が多く、第二次世界大戦後は、日本国憲法の解釈者、擁護者として活躍した。とくに、ポツダム宣言の受諾は主権者を天皇から国民に変更した法的革命であるとする「八月革命説」は、以後激しい論議の対象となっている。趣味も広く、エッセイストとしても有名。1969年（昭和44）文化功労者。昭和51年9月4日死去。著書は『憲法』『日本国憲法・コンメンタール』のほか多くの論文集、評論集がある。

［長尾龍一］

『原秀男「宮沢俊義――理論と実践」（日本法哲学会編『日本の法哲学（1）　法哲学年報78』所収・有斐閣）』▽『宮沢俊義著、芦部信喜補訂『全訂　日本国憲法』（1978・日本評論社）』

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