Administrative Procedure Act

Japanese: 行政手続法 - ぎょうせいてつづきほう

This law was enacted to ensure fairness in administrative procedures. The vast amount of permit and license administration and administrative guidance is not only an important theme of economic friction between Japan and the United States as a symbol of the opacity of Japanese administration, but has also been pointed out as a breeding ground for collusion between politicians, bureaucrats, and business leaders. The first Provisional Administrative Reform Commission in 1964 also considered the issue of legislation on these issues, but in 1991, it was finally enacted as a bill in line with the report of the Third Administrative Reform Promotion Council, and was passed in the fall of 1993 under the Hosokawa administration and came into effect in October 1994. The law has three pillars: (1) procedures for permits and licenses, (2) procedures for disadvantageous measures such as the suspension of business licenses, and (3) procedures for administrative guidance. For (1), it stipulates that the examination criteria will be made public, a period for examination will be set, and the reasons will be disclosed in case of refusal. Regarding administrative guidance, the purpose, content, and responsible person will be clarified, and a written document will be provided if requested. It also stipulates that non-compliance will not result in disadvantageous treatment.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

行政手続の公正のために制定された法律。膨大な許認可行政や行政指導は，日本の行政の不透明性の象徴として日米経済摩擦の重要なテーマとなっているだけでなく，政・官・財癒着の温床とも指摘されてきた。これらに対する法整備は 1964年の第1次臨時行政調査会でも問題とされていたが，91年になって第3次行政改革推進審議会答申にそう形でようやく法案化され，細川政権下の 93年秋に成立し，94年 10月に施行された。内容は，(1) 許認可の手続，(2) 営業免許停止など不利益処分の手続，(3) 行政指導の手続が3本の柱で，(1) については審査基準を公表し，審査期間を設定，拒否した場合は理由を開示すると定めた。また行政指導については，趣旨，内容，責任者の3点を明確化し求められれば書面を交付。従わなくても不利益な扱いはしないとしている。

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