Civil registration system

Japanese: 身分登録制度 - みぶんとうろくせいど(英語表記)civil registration
Civil registration system
A system in which a person's civil status (English, l'état civil (French), Personenstand (German)) from birth to death is registered in a book managed by a public institution such as the state, and is officially certified upon request by certain individuals. In Japan, this is the family register. It can be said that wherever there is a society, it is necessary to know its members, but the way in which this is done varies from country to country and from era to era.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
人の出生から死亡に至るまでの民事的な身分関係civil status(英語),l’état civil(フランス),Personenstand(ドイツ)を,国家等の公の機関がその管理する帳簿に登録し,一定の者からの請求に応じてそれを公的に証明する制度のこと。日本では,戸籍がこれに当たる。およそ社会あるところその構成員を把握する必要があるといえるが,その把握のしかたは国によって,また,時代によって異なる。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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