Mini Shinkansen

Japanese: ミニ新幹線 - みにしんかんせん
Mini Shinkansen

The name given to the section where the gauge of the conventional line was expanded to 1,435 mm, the same as the Shinkansen, and specially designed rolling stock was used to increase speed and enable direct operation with the Shinkansen. The construction of Shinkansen railways is desired throughout Japan, but the huge cost of construction makes it difficult to realize it anytime soon. In hopes of shortening travel time and distance at a lower cost, mini-shinkansen was introduced. The Yamagata Shinkansen (between Fukushima and Yamagata), which opened in July 1992, was the first mini-shinkansen, followed by the Akita Shinkansen (between Morioka and Akita), which opened in March 1997. Construction of the Yamagata Shinkansen extension to Shinjo was also carried out, and opened in December 1999. The Yamagata Shinkansen operates the Tsubasa limited express, while the Akita Shinkansen operates the Komachi limited express. The Tsubasa is coupled with the Yamabiko limited express of the Tohoku Shinkansen, and the Komachi is coupled with the Hayate limited express to run directly between Tokyo and the shinkansen (some Tsubasa trains run independently on sections of the Tohoku Shinkansen).

As the gradient and curve radius remain the same as conventional lines, high-speed operation at the same level as normal Shinkansen trains is not possible, and the maximum speed is limited to 130 kilometers per hour. On the other hand, the sections converted into mini-shinkansen lines will no longer have rail connections to conventional lines, meaning that conventional line trains will no longer be able to run directly through them. As freight trains will also no longer be able to run, some sections will have three tracks or will run parallel to the single tracks of conventional lines, allowing conventional line trains to continue operating. Also, the term mini-shinkansen is merely a nickname, and is not a Shinkansen (development Shinkansen) as defined by the Nationwide Shinkansen Railway Development Act, and is legally considered to be part of conventional lines.

[Eiichi Aoki and Ryo Aoki]

[Reference items] | Akita Shinkansen | Shinkansen | New Shinkansen | Tohoku Shinkansen | Yamagata Shinkansen

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

在来線の軌間を新幹線と同じ1435ミリメートルに拡大し、特別に設計された車両を用いて高速化し、新幹線と直通運転できるようにした区間の通称。新幹線鉄道の建設促進は日本各地で望まれているが、その建設には巨額の費用が必要であり、早期の実現は困難である。より少ない費用で時間と距離の短縮効果を期待して、ミニ新幹線が導入された。1992年(平成4)7月に開通した山形新幹線(福島―山形間)が最初のミニ新幹線であり、1997年3月に開通した秋田新幹線(盛岡―秋田間)がこれに続き、さらに山形新幹線の新庄(しんじょう)への延長工事が進められ、1999年12月に開通した。山形新幹線では特急「つばさ」が、秋田新幹線では特急「こまち」が運転され、「つばさ」は東北新幹線の特急「やまびこ」に、「こまち」は特急「はやて」に併結されて東京と直通運転される(「つばさ」には東北新幹線の区間を単独運転するものもある)。

 勾配(こうばい)や曲線半径は在来線のままなので、通常の新幹線並みの高速運転は不可能であり、最高時速は130キロメートルに制限される。一方、ミニ新幹線に改築された区間は在来線とのレールの連絡は絶たれるため、在来線列車の直通運転はできなくなる。貨物列車の運転も不可能となるため、3線区間を設けたり、在来線の単線を並行させたりして、在来線列車の運転を維持する区間もある。また、ミニ新幹線はあくまで通称であって、全国新幹線鉄道整備法などに定める新幹線(整備新幹線)ではなく、法的には在来線の一部とみなされる。

[青木栄一・青木 亮]

[参照項目] | 秋田新幹線 | 新幹線 | 整備新幹線 | 東北新幹線 | 山形新幹線

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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