Summer

Chinese playwright. Born Shen Naixi on October 30th in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. While studying at a provincial Class A Industrial School, he participated in the May Fourth Movement. After graduating, he went to Japan and graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering at Meiji College in Kyushu before entering the Faculty of Engineering at Kyushu University. During his time abroad, he became interested in literature and philosophy, and contributed to magazines related to the Creative Society. Around the same time, he also became interested in socialism and joined the left wing of the Kuomintang. In 1927, he was expelled from Japan and returned to China. He joined the Communist Party in Shanghai, and participated in the preparations for the formation of the League of Left Writers, while also organizing the Art Theatre Company and the League of Left Playwrights, becoming one of the leading figures in the theater world. He entered the film industry in 1933 and wrote the scripts for representative works of the time, such as "Children and Girls of the Storm." His works include The Bodyguard (1936), The Story of Qiu Jin (1936), Under the Roofs of Shanghai (1937), and Fasciola (1942). During the war of resistance against Japan, he was editor-in-chief of the Salvation Daily, which was published in Shanghai and other places. After liberation, he held leading positions in the literary and artistic worlds, especially in film and theater, and wrote scripts for Blessing and Lin Jia Puzi. During the Cultural Revolution, he was overthrown along with Zhou Yang and others, but was rehabilitated in 1977 and held important positions such as vice chairman of the Chinese Federation of Literary and Artistic Circles, chairman of the China-Japan Friendship Association, and member of the Advisory Committee of the Communist Party of China Central Committee. In 1994, he was awarded the title of "Film Artist Who Has Made Outstanding Contributions to the Nation" by the State Council. He died on February 6, 1995. After the Cultural Revolution, he wrote his autobiography, Lazy Search for Old Dreams (1985), as well as the three-volume Collection of Xiayan Plays (1984-1986).

[Noboru Maruyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の劇作家。本名沈乃煕(しんだいき)。10月30日、浙江(せっこう／チョーチヤン)省杭州(こうしゅう／ハンチョウ)に生まれる。省立甲種工業学校在学中、五・四運動に参加。卒業して日本に渡り、九州の明治専門学校電機科を卒業のち九州大学工学部に入学したが、留学中文学、哲学に親しみ、創造社関係の雑誌に寄稿した。また、それと前後して社会主義に接近、国民党左派に参加した。1927年、日本を追われて帰国、上海(シャンハイ)で共産党に入党、左翼作家連盟の結成準備に参加する一方、芸術劇社を組織、さらに左翼戯劇家連盟を組織して、演劇界の指導的人物の一人となった。33年から映画界に入り、『風雲児女』など当時の代表的な作品の台本を書いた。作品には『包身工』（1936）、『秋瑾伝(しゅうきんでん)』（1936）、『上海の屋根の下』（1937）、『法西斯(ファッショ)細菌』（1942）などがある。抗日戦争中は、上海はじめ各地で発行された『救亡日報』の主編を務め、解放後は文学、芸術界、とくに映画、演劇界での指導的地位にあり、『祝福』『林家鋪子(リンチアプーツ)』などの台本も書いた。文化大革命では周揚(しゅうよう／チョウヤン)らとともに打倒されたが、77年名誉回復、中国文学芸術界連合会副主席、中国日本友好協会会長、中共中央顧問委員会委員などの要職についた。94年には国務院から「国家に傑出した貢献のあった映画芸術家」の称号を受けた。95年2月6日死去。文化大革命後、自伝『懶尋旧夢録(らんじんきゅうむろく)』（1985）を書いたほか『夏衍劇作集』全3巻（1984～86）がある。

［丸山　昇］

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