Midrash (English spelling)

Japanese: ミドラシュ(英語表記)Midrash
Midrash (English spelling)
A work that describes a method of Jewish biblical interpretation and its contents. It is derived from "dras" (Hebrew for study or investigation). It is generally classified into two types: Midrash Halakah and Midrash Haggadah. The former is an interpretation of the Pentateuch, excluding Genesis, and studies the original law verbatim to derive legal customs that can be applied in new situations. In contrast, the latter develops the original text of the Bible as a sermon from an ethical and religious perspective rather than a legal theory. The history of Midrash is said to have begun with the legal scholar Ezra in the 5th century BCE, but the oldest surviving Midrashic document dates from the 2nd century. The creation of Midrash reached its peak in the Talmudic period and continued until the 12th and 13th centuries.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ユダヤ教における聖書解釈の方法およびその内容をもつ著作。「ドラシュ」 (ヘブライ語で研究,調査の意) に由来する。一般に,ミドラシュ・ハラカーとミドラシュ・ハガダーの2つのタイプに分類される。前者は『創世記』を除いたモーセ五書の釈義であり,原文の律法を逐語的に研究して,新しい状況下で適用しうる法律慣習を引出そうとする。これに対し後者は,法律論よりも倫理的,信仰的な観点から聖書原文を説教として展開するものである。ミドラシュの歴史は前5世紀の律法学者エズラに始るとされているが,現存する最古のミドラシュ文献は2世紀のものである。ミドラシュの作成はタルムード時代を最盛期として 12~13世紀にまで及んでいる。

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