Guarantor - Mimoto Hosho

Japanese: 身元保証 - みもとほしょう
Guarantor - Mimoto Hosho

When a person employed by a company (employee) causes damage to the employer by violating the obligations under the employment contract, a third party (guarantor) guarantees the liability for damages. This type of contract is called a guarantee contract. Also, a contract to take over the employee's identity when the employee becomes ill or unable to perform his/her duties is called an underwriting contract. In this case, since there is no debt of the employee to be guaranteed, it is a type of damage guarantee contract, unlike a guarantee under the Civil Code (Article 446 and following).

In either contract, the liability of the guarantor/underwriter is extremely broad, so the Law on Guarantee (Law No. 42 of 1933) enacted in 1933 limited the scope of the guarantor's liability by calling a contract that promises to compensate the employer for damages caused by the employee's actions a guarantor contract (so both guarantors and underwriters are subject to the law). Any special clause that increases the guarantor's liability in violation of the provisions of this law is invalid (Article 6 of the same law). The main points that limit the scope of liability are the limitation of the duration of the guarantee contract (Articles 1 and 2 of the same law) and the right to terminate the guarantee contract in future in certain cases (Article 4 of the same law). The guarantee period is three years (five years for commercial apprentices) if no period is specified, and is shortened to five years even if a long-term period is specified. It can be renewed, but it cannot exceed five years. The right to terminate arises when the employee is unfit for the job or has shown dishonest behavior that could cause the guarantor to assume responsibility, or when a change in assignment or duties increases the guarantor's liability. The employer must notify the guarantor without delay when any of the above events occur.

[Takayoshi Ito]

[Reference] | Guarantor

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

会社などに雇われている者(被用者)が、雇用契約上の義務に違反することによって使用者に損害を与え、その損害賠償債務を第三者(身元保証人)が保証すること。このような契約を身元保証契約という。また被用者が病気になったり任に堪えられなくなったときにその身元を引き受ける契約を身元引受契約という。この場合は保証さるべき被用者の債務がないので民法上の保証(446条以下)と異なり、一種の損害担保契約である。

 いずれの契約においても身元保証人・引受人の責任がきわめて広くなってしまうので、1933年に制定された「身元保証ニ関スル法律」(昭和8年法律42号)は、被用者の行為によって使用者が受けた損害を賠償することを約する契約を身元保証契約とよび(したがって身元保証、身元引受けいずれも法の対象となる)、身元保証人の責任の範囲を制限した。この法律の規定に反して身元保証人の責任を重くする特約をしてもその特約は無効となる(同法6条)。責任の範囲を制限するおもな点は、保証契約の存続期間を制限したことと(同法1条・2条)、一定の場合に身元保証契約を将来に向かって解除する権利を身元保証人に与えたことである(同法4条)。保証期間は期間の定めがない場合には3年(商工見習者については5年)とされ、長期の定めをしても5年に短縮される。更新はできるが、5年を超えることはできない。解除権は、被用者に業務上不適任または不誠実な点があって身元保証人の責任を引き起こすおそれがある場合、および、任地・任務の変更によって身元保証人の責任を加重する場合に生ずる。使用者は前記の事由が生じたときは遅滞なく身元保証人に通知することを要する。

[伊藤高義]

[参照項目] | 保証人

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Miya [village] - Miya

>>:  Mimosusogawa Utaawase - Mimosusogawa Utaawase

Recommend

Andon Bakama

Also called machi-nashi bakama, it looks the same...

Lower House

A bicameral parliament, one house of which is mad...

Gazania longiscapa (English spelling) Gazania longiscapa

… [Munemin Yanagi]. … *Some of the terminology th...

androgynous

…Generally, it refers to a being that has both ma...

Caspian Turtle - Caspian Turtle

...The carapace is about 15-18cm long, and the ca...

Terauke system

It began as a religious policy in the Edo period, ...

Etiology

It was the German pathologist Virchow who believed...

Dainichi - Day

[1] (also "Tainichi") is an abbreviation...

Caracciolo, D.

...From this time on, Sicily came under the rule ...

Cryptography

In a broad sense, it refers to the words and tech...

Inohana Pass - Inohana Pass

A pass that crosses the Sanuki Mountains, connect...

Ancient Chinese (English spelling)

…He served as president of the University of Goth...

Edo Shipping Wholesaler - Edozumifunadonya

...When the stock association was dissolved in 18...

Motivational boost - Iyokuzoushin

... Examples include pyromania and kleptomania. &...

Silurus glanis (English spelling) Silurusglanis

... In addition to the above, there are other fis...