It was registered as a World Heritage Site (cultural heritage) of France in 1996. It is a canal that stretches 240 km in length from Toulouse to the Étang de Thau on the Mediterranean Sea, spanning two regions in the south of France, Midi-Pyrénées and Languedoc-Roussillon, and three departments, Haute-Garonne, Aude, and Hérault. The registered area also includes four other tributaries and the scenery along the canal. In 1661, the Sun King Louis XIV ordered the construction of a canal that would allow ships to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea without passing through neighboring Spain, with which the country was hostile at the time, and construction began in 1666. The construction was led by Pierre-Paul Riquet, who made his fortune as a tax collector, and after his death, his son took over and completed the work in 1681. The construction was carried out as a national project using the best civil engineering technology of the time, and the canal was connected from Toulouse to the Garonne River, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean, connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. At the end of the 19th century, when the Midi railway was opened, the canal ceased to function as a transportation route, but it was recognized as a testament to its creativity and historical value, and was registered as a World Heritage Site. Source: Kodansha World Heritage Sites Detailed Explanation Information |
1996年に登録されたフランスの世界遺産(文化遺産)。同国南部ミディ・ピレネーとラングドック・ルーションの2地方、オート・ガロンヌ、オード、エローの3県にまたがり、トゥールーズから地中海に面したトー湖まで、全長240kmにも及ぶ運河で、登録範囲は他に4本の支流と運河沿いの景観も含む。1661年に太陽王ルイ14世が、当時敵対関係にあった隣国スペインを通らずに大西洋から地中海まで船で航行できる運河の建設を命じたことにより、1666年から工事が始まった。建設を指揮したのは徴税吏として財をなしたピエール・ポール・リケで、彼の死後は息子が引き継ぎ1681年に完成した。工事は国家的事業として当時最高の土木技術をもって進められ、運河はトゥールーズから大西洋に注ぐガロンヌ川につながり、大西洋と地中海が結ばれることになった。19世紀末、ミディ鉄道が開通すると運河は交通路としての役割を終えたが、創造性の証、歴史的な価値などが評価され、世界遺産に登録された。◇英名はCanal du Midi
出典 講談社世界遺産詳解について 情報 |
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