1845‐1913 Swedish engineer. After studying at Uppsala University, he researched metallurgy at the Kloster-Bruck steelworks, inventing electric smelting furnaces and equipment for refining iron and zinc, obtaining many patents, and also designing and manufacturing dairy machinery and high-pressure boilers. In 1878, he invented the centrifugal cream separator, and studied turbines as its prime mover, completing the simple impulse turbine in 1883. This involved injecting steam into a wheel with many blades on its circumference, causing the impeller to rotate at high speed. He subsequently addressed issues of rotating bearings, materials, and critical speed, and in 1889 completed a unique injection nozzle (Laval tube, Laval nozzle) with a variable cross-sectional area of the steam injection hole, making it possible to inject supersonic gas into a rotating impeller. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1845‐1913 スウェーデンの技術者。ウプサラ大学で学んだ後,クロスター=ブルックの鉄鋼所で冶金技術を研究,電気溶鉱炉,鉄や亜鉛の精錬装置などを発明,多くの特許を得,またこのほかに酪農用機械や高圧ボイラーなども設計製作した。1878年遠心クリーム分離機を発明し,その原動機としてタービンを研究,83年に単式衝動タービンを完成した。これは,円周上に多数の羽根をつけた車に蒸気を噴射させ,羽根車を高速回転させるものであったが,以後,回転軸受,材料,臨界速度問題に取り組み,89年には蒸気噴射孔断面積を変化させた独得の噴射ノズル(ラバル管,ラバルノズル)を完成し,回転羽根車への超音速ガス噴射を可能にした。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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