When deriving a new equation from a given known equation or condition, the method of determining the unknown coefficients by setting the coefficients that appear in the equation as unknowns and using various mathematical principles is called the method of undetermined coefficients. Three application examples are shown below. (1) Find the quotient and remainder when 2x ^3 -x ^2 +3x+1 is divided by x^ 2 -2x+3. Since both the quotient and remainder are linear expressions, if we write them as ax+b and cx+d, respectively, we get the following equation. 2x 3 -x 2 +3x+1 a=2, 2a-b=1, 3a-2b+c=3, 3b+d=1 (2) There is a cubic polynomial of x, and when x takes the values -1, 0, 1, and 2, the values of this polynomial are -1, 3, 5, and 11, respectively. Find this polynomial. If the polynomial you are looking for is f(x)=ax 3 +bx 2 +cx+d, then (3) Determine the values of constants a, b, and c so that the following identity holds. a(x-1)(x-2)+b(x-2)(x-3) [Yoshio Takeuchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
与えられた既知の式または条件から新しい式を導くとき、求めるべき式に現れる係数を未知数として設定し、種々の数学的原理を用いて、未知の係数を決定する方法を未定係数法という。以下三つの応用例を示す。 (1)2x3-x2+3x+1をx2-2x+3で割ったときの商と余りを求める。商と余りはいずれも一次式であるから、それぞれをax+b,cx+dと置くと、次の等式が得られる。 2x3-x2+3x+1 a=2, 2a-b=1, 3a-2b+c=3, 3b+d=1 (2)xの三次の整式があって、xが-1,0,1,2の値をとるとき、この式の値は、それぞれ、-1,3,5,11となる。この整式を求める。求める整式をf(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+dと置くと、 (3)次の恒等式が成立するように定数a,b,cの値を求める。 a(x-1)(x-2)+b(x-2)(x-3) [竹内芳男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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