Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin

Japanese: ミチューリン - みちゅーりん(英語表記)Иван Владимирович Мичурин/Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin
Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin

A Russian/Soviet plant breeder born in Kozlov (now Michurinsk). He made an effort to turn the poor Russia of the time into a "land of flowers," and developed about 300 superior varieties (mainly fruit trees).

Michurin's breeding method is characterized by the selection of hybrid species and the method of cultivating hybrid plants. He considered hybridization to be the starting point for cultivating new varieties, and demonstrated that the characteristics of hybrids are not only due to the genetic traits of the parents, but that many of them are also due to the living conditions (management) during the cultivation of the parents and hybrid plants, and that plants are particularly variable and adaptable in the early stages of growth. His main breeding methods are the distant crossing method and the menthol (nurturer) method. The former involves selecting parents that are geographically or similarly distant from each other, and the latter involves selecting mature rootstocks to be influenced when inducing grafting mutations, and selecting young seedlings as the scion to be influenced, thereby introducing desirable traits into offspring. He also devised the mixed pollen pollination method and the vegetative grafting method to make distant crossing easier. In Japan, there is an organization named after him called the "Japan Michurin Society" (Tokyo).

[Noboru Yanagishita]

[References] | Crossbreeding | Hybridism | Grafting

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ロシア・ソ連の育種家。コズロフ(現、ミチューリンスク)に生まれる。当時の貧しいロシアを「花咲く大地」に変える努力をし、約300種の優良品種(おもに果樹)を育成した。

 ミチューリンの育種法の特徴は、交雑種の選択と雑種植物の育成法にある。交雑を新品種育成の出発点と考え、雑種の特徴は両親の遺伝的形質によるだけでなく、その多くが両親や雑種植物の育成過程の生活条件(管理)によること、とくに植物の生育初期が可変性、適応性に富んでいることを実証した。おもな育種法に遠隔交雑法とメントール(養育者)法がある。前者は地理的あるいは類縁的に離れた交雑親を選ぶことで、後者は接木(つぎき)変異を誘起させる場合、影響を与えようとする台木は成熟したものを選び、影響を受ける側の穂木は若い実生(みしょう)苗を選ぶことで、望ましい形質を子孫に導入する方法である。また遠縁交雑を容易にするための混合花粉受粉法、栄養接近接木法なども考案した。日本には彼の名にちなんだ「日本ミチューリン会」(東京)がある。

[柳下 登]

[参照項目] | 交雑 | 雑種 | 接木

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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