A family that produced 11 of the 14 Umayyad caliphs. Its name comes from its founder, Marwan bin Hakam (Marwan I). Marwan, who belonged to the Umayyad family, served as secretary to the third caliph, Uthman. After the death of Muawiyah I, the founder of the Umayyad dynasty, Marwan was exiled from Medina along with his family by anti-Umayyad forces, and the second Syrian civil war (683-692) began. However, after the premature death of Muawiyah II, son of Yazid I, he was selected to become the fourth Umayyad caliph (reigned 683-685). Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
ウマイヤ朝のカリフ14人のうち11人を輩出した家系,一族。その名称の由来は,始祖のマルワーン・ブン・ハカムMarwān b.Ḥakam(マルワーン1世)にある。ウマイヤ家に属するマルワーンは,第3代正統カリフ,ウスマーンの書記を務めた。ウマイヤ朝の創始者ムアーウィヤ1世の死後,反ウマイヤ家勢力によって一族とともにメディナを追放され,シリアで第2次内乱(683‐692)を迎えたが,ヤジード1世の子のムアーウィヤ2世の夭折で推されてウマイヤ朝第4代カリフとなった(在位683‐685)。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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