NIES - New

Japanese: NIES - にーず
NIES - New

Abbreviation for newly industrializing economies. Refers to countries and regions that have been experiencing economic development through rapid industrialization since around the 1960s. Countries include Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Mexico, and Brazil. They were originally called NICS (Newly Industrializing Countries). Among these, Latin American countries such as Mexico and Brazil promoted import substitution industrialization backed by abundant natural resources and domestic markets, but their exports were largely dependent on primary products, and their economic growth slowed in the 1980s. In contrast, Asian NIES such as South Korea and Taiwan overcame the handicaps of scarce natural resources and small domestic markets, and promoted export-oriented industrialization backed by abundant, high-quality labor, achieving high economic growth in the 1980s.

From the 1960s to the early 1970s, exports from Asian NIES were centered on non-durable goods such as clothing, miscellaneous goods, and textiles, and labor-intensive intermediate goods. From the late 1970s to the 1980s, exports expanded while undergoing structural change to centered on capital-intensive intermediate goods and durable consumer goods, such as home appliances, steel, ships, and passenger cars. This supported the rapid economic growth of each country. Although there was a temporary decline in their international competitiveness in the 1980s, in the 1990s they further promoted the sophistication of their export structures while at the same time strengthening the structural shift toward the service industry, and continued to achieve economic growth. However, the Asian currency crisis of 1997 led to economic turmoil, and in 1998 they recorded a significant negative growth.

[Akira Shida]

Afterwards, the countries recovered from the economic turmoil, but in the 2000s the term NIES fell out of use and attention shifted to the BRICs, an acronym for Brazil, Russia, India, and China, which have larger populations, larger economies, and more rapid economic growth.

[Editorial Department]

[Reference] | BRICS

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

新興工業経済地域newly industrializing economiesの略称。1960年代ころから急速な工業化によって経済発展を遂げつつある国や地域をいう。シンガポール、香港(ホンコン)、台湾、韓国(大韓民国)、メキシコ、ブラジルなどをさす。当初はNICS(ニックス)(新興工業国)とよばれていた。このうち、メキシコ、ブラジルなど中南米の国は、豊富な天然資源と国内市場をバックに、輸入代替工業化を推進したものの、輸出はかなりの部分を一次産品に依存し、1980年代に入って経済成長が鈍化した。これに対して韓国や台湾などのアジアNIESは、天然資源が乏しく国内市場が狭いというハンディを克服し、質が高く豊富な労働力を背景に輸出指向的工業化を推し進め、1980年代にかけて高い経済成長を達成した。

 アジアNIESの輸出は、1960年代から70年代前半にかけての、衣類、雑貨、繊維などの非耐久財や労働集約的中間財を中心にした輸出構造から、70年代後半から80年代にかけての、家電製品、鉄鋼、船舶、乗用車などの資本集約的中間財や耐久消費財を中心にした輸出へ構造変化を遂げながら拡大、各国の高度経済成長を支えた。1980年代に一時国際競争力に陰りが生じたこともあったが、90年代に入って輸出構造の高度化をさらに推進し、他方ではサービス産業への構造転換を強めて、経済成長を持続してきた。しかし、1997年のアジアの通貨危機によって経済混乱におちいり、98年は大幅なマイナス成長となった。

[志田 明]

 その後、経済混乱から立ち直ったが、2000年代に入るとNIESということばはあまり使われなくなり、人口、経済規模がより大きく、経済成長が著しいブラジル、ロシア、インド、中国の頭文字をつなげたBRICsが注目されるようになった。

[編集部]

[参照項目] | BRICS

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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