A mathematical term. A concept introduced from the idea of fair betting, it has been studied systematically since around 1950 and has become an important branch of probability theory. For an augmented information system ℱ n ( n = 0, 1, ...) on a probability space (Ω, ℱ, P ), a sequence of random variables X n ( n = 0, 1, ...) is called a martingale when it satisfies the following three conditions: (I) X n is ℱ n -measurable, (II) E | X n | < ∞, (III) E ( X n + 1 / ℱ n ) = X n . In particular, (III) is called the martingale property, which makes E ( X n ) independent of n . Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
数学用語。公平な賭(かけ)という考えから導入された概念で,1950年ころから組織的に研究され,確率論の重要な一分野になっている。確率空間(Ω,ℱ,P)上の増大情報系ℱn(n=0,1,……)に対し,確率変数列Xn(n=0,1,……)が次の3条件,(I)Xnはℱn‐可測,(II)E|Xn|<∞,(III)E(Xn+1/ℱn)=Xnをみたすとき,マルチンゲールという。とくに(III)はマルチンゲール性と呼ばれ,これにより,E(Xn)はnに無関係になる。
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