A radioisotope of hydrogen with mass number 3, also called tritium. It is written as 3H or T. Its mass is 3.01605 u. Its atomic nucleus consists of one proton and two neutrons, and is called a triton or tritium. Tritium decays into 3He with a half-life of 12.33 y. The maximum energy of the beta rays is 18.61 keV, and the average energy is 5.68 keV. When taken into the body, its biological half-life is 12 d. It is produced in the upper atmosphere by the nuclear reaction 14N (n, 3H ) 12C between neutrons contained in secondary cosmic rays and 14N , so it exists in nature in extremely small amounts, about 10-17 times that of normal hydrogen (light hydrogen, 1H ). It can be artificially produced from 6Li and 3He using the 6Li (n,α)T and 3He (n,p)T reactions, respectively, in a nuclear reactor. It can also be produced in accelerators from the reaction of 9Be with D. In light water reactors, small amounts of tritium are produced through the ternary fission of uranium and plutonium. In heavy water reactors, it is produced through the thermal neutron capture reaction of deuterium. The melting point of the tritium molecule, T2, is 20.62 K ( D2 , 18.73 K; H2 , 13.96 K), and the boiling point is 25.04 K ( D2 , 23.67 K; H2 , 20.39 K). The melting point of tritiated water (T 2 O) is 4.48 °C (D 2 O, 3.81 °C; H 2 O, 0.00 °C), the boiling point is 101.51 °C (D 2 O, 101.42 °C; H 2 O, 100.00 °C), and the dissociation constant at 25 °C is 0.06 × 10 -14 (D 2 O, 0.195 × 10 -14 ; H 2 O, 1.01 × 10 -14 ). Tritium is a radioactive isotope that emits beta rays, and is used as a tracer in research into chemical reaction mechanisms. In addition, tritium is easily involved in nuclear fusion reactions, and has been used as a main ingredient in hydrogen bombs. It is expected that in the future, tritium will be used, along with deuterium, as nuclear fuel in nuclear fusion reactors. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
質量数3の水素の放射性同位体で,三重水素ともいう.3H あるいはTと記す.質量3.01605 u.原子核は陽子1個,中性子2個からなり,トリトンあるいは三重陽子とよばれる.トリチウムは半減期12.33 y でβ崩壊して 3He になる.β線の最大エネルギーは18.61 keV,平均エネルギーは5.68 keV である.体内に取り込まれた場合の生物学的半減期は12 d である.高層大気中で二次宇宙線に含まれる中性子と 14N との核反応14N(n,3H)12Cによって生成するため,天然にも通常の水素(軽水素,1H)の 10-17 程度ときわめて微量だが存在する.人工的には原子炉を用いて 6Li や 3He からそれぞれ6Li(n,α)T反応,3He(n,p)T反応によってつくることができる.また,加速器では 9Be とDとの反応からつくることができる.原子炉のうちの軽水炉においては,ウランやプルトニウムの三体核分裂によりトリチウムがわずかに生成する.重水炉では重水素の熱中性子捕獲反応によって生成する.トリチウム分子 T2 の融点は20.62 K(D2,18.73 K ;H2,13.96 K),沸点は25.04 K(D2,23.67 K ;H2,20.39 K)である.トリチウム水(T2O)の融点は4.48 ℃(D2O,3.81 ℃ ;H2O,0.00 ℃),沸点は101.51 ℃(D2O,101.42 ℃ ;H2O,100.00 ℃),解離定数は25 ℃ において0.06×10-14(D2O,0.195×10-14 ;H2O,1.01×10-14)である.トリチウムはβ線を放出する放射性同位体なので,化学反応機構の研究などでトレーサーとして利用されている.また,トリチウムは核融合反応を起こしやすいので,水素爆弾の主要原料として用いられた.将来,核融合炉の核燃料として,重水素とともに使われるものと予想されている. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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