In general, it refers to the form of interaction between individuals being interdependent as a harmonious relationship. In terms of the history of modern European social thought, its ideological sketch originated from the so-called traditionalism after the French Revolution, that is, the claims of LGA Bonnard, J. Maistre, and others, and was inherited in the Comte doctrine. It can be said that the so-called solidarism of the Third Republic period was the crystallization of this ideology. In the field of sociology, É. Durkheim's claims stand out. According to him, social solidarity is distinguished into mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. The former is established based on the homogeneity of social members, while the latter is based on the heterogeneity of members and is a solidarity between heterogeneous people. From the perspective of social division of labor, the former is a homogeneous division of labor and the latter is a heterogeneous division of labor. Furthermore, in terms of social form, it is argued that a society based on mechanical solidarity is a segmental society, and a society based on organic solidarity is an organic society, and that a social evolution from the former to the latter can be recognized macroscopically. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
一般的には,諸個人の相互作用の形態が調和的関係として相互依存的であることをいう。近代ヨーロッパ社会思想史に即してみると,その思想的デッサンはフランス革命後のいわゆる伝統主義,つまり L.G.A.ボナール,J.メーストルらの主張に起点をもち,コント学説のうちに継承された。第3共和制期のいわゆる連帯主義はその思想的結晶であったということができる。社会学の領域では É.デュルケムの主張が傑出している。彼によれば,社会的連帯とは機械的連帯と有機的連帯とに区別される。前者は社会成員の同質性を基盤として成立するのに対し,後者は成員の異質性を基盤とし,異質者の間に行われる連帯である。社会的分業の視点からみれば,前者は同質的分業であり,後者は異質的分業である。さらに社会形態からいえば,機械的連帯に基づく社会が環節的社会,有機的連帯に基づく社会が有機的社会であって,巨視的には前者から後者への社会進化を認めることができると主張される。
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