Born: January 28, 1853, Havana [Died] May 19, 1895. Oriente dos Rios Cuban poet and leader of the independence movement. Together with S. Bolivar, he is known as a symbol of freedom and independence for Latin American countries. He joined the Cuban independence movement from his childhood and was exiled to Spain, but studied law and literature at the University of Zaragoza in the same country. He returned to Cuba and was exiled repeatedly after that, and in 1881 he tried to publish a journal in Venezuela, but was rejected and moved to New York. He published the magazine La Patria (The Fatherland) and dedicated himself to realizing Cuban independence and solidarity among Latin American countries. In 1892, he became the president of the Cuban Revolutionary Party, and in January 1895, he led armed revolutionaries including M. Gómez and succeeded in landing in Cuba in April, but was killed by enemy fire on the front line. He left behind literary criticism, biographies, and collections of stories, but his most significant contributions to Latin American literature were his critical biographies of B. Juárez, Whitman, J. San Martín, and S. Bolivar. His poetry, which is full of simple human feelings but also has a modern sensibility, is considered a pioneer of modernism. His works, including Ismaelillo (1882), Versos libres (1913), and other collections of poems, novels, and essays, were collected in the Collected Works of José Martí (27 volumes, 63-65), published in Havana after the revolution. Marti |
[生]1853.1.28. ハバナ [没]1895.5.19. オリエンテ,ドスリオス キューバの詩人,独立運動の指導者。 S.ボリバルとともにラテンアメリカ諸国の自由独立の象徴として知られる。少年時代からキューバ独立運動に加わって,スペインに追放されたが,同地のサラゴサ大学で法律と文学を学んだ。その後も帰国と追放を繰返し,1881年ベネズエラで機関誌の発行を試みたが,いれられずニューヨークに移った。『祖国』 La Patria誌を刊行し,キューバの独立とラテンアメリカ諸国の連帯の実現のために献身した。 92年キューバ革命党の総裁となり,95年1月 M.ゴメスらの武装革命家を率いて4月キューバ上陸に成功したが,前線で敵弾に倒れた。文芸評論,伝記,説話集などを残したが,特にラテンアメリカ文学に最も貢献した作品は,B.フアレス,ホイットマン,J.サン=マルティン,S.ボリバルらの人物評伝である。また素朴な人間感情にあふれながら近代的な感覚をもつ詩によって,近代主義の先駆者とされている。『イスマエリーリョ』 Ismaelillo (1882) ,『自由詩』 Versos libres (1913) ,その他の詩集,小説,評論などは革命後ハバナで発行された『ホセ・マルティ全集』 Obras completas de Jośe Martí (27巻,63~65) に収録されている。 マルティ
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