Marine Snow - Marine Snow (English spelling)

Japanese: マリンスノー - まりんすのー(英語表記)marine snow
Marine Snow - Marine Snow (English spelling)

It is also called sea snow. When the light of a submersible shines into the dark sea, it is possible to observe objects that look as if they are falling snow. This is called marine snow, and although it is irregular in size and ranges from a few micrometers to a few centimeters, it can sometimes become thread-like and reach a length of one meter. It was named by Noboru Suzuki and Kenji Kato of the Faculty of Fisheries at Hokkaido University, who dived into the sea in Japan's first submersible, the Kuroshio, in 1951. Marine snow is very fragile, so it is difficult to collect it alone, and there are various theories about its true identity and origin, but it is currently thought to be as follows. Marine snow is not a living thing, but an aggregate of organic matter. A large amount of organic matter is dissolved in seawater due to the secretion of living phytoplankton and the decomposition of dead animals and plants. It seems that this naturally aggregates to form the fuzzy marine snow. Bacteria and protozoa are active inside and outside the aggregates.

Marine snow exists from the surface to the deep layers of the ocean, and its carbon content is about 200 grams per cubic meter, more than 10 times the biomass, and even in the deep seas, it reaches 5 to 50 milligrams per cubic meter. Together with the fecal pellets of zooplankton (packed with phytoplankton and surrounded by a membrane) that sink at high speed, it is an important source of nutrition for deep-sea animals.

[Akira Sano and Masayuki Takahashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

海雪(かいせつ)ともいう。潜水艇の照明などで暗黒の海中を照らすと、あたかも降雪中のような物体を観察することができる。これをマリンスノーといい、大きさは数マイクロメートルから数センチメートル程度で不定形であるが、ときには1メートルに達する糸状になることもある。1951年(昭和26)に日本で最初の潜水艇「くろしお号」で海に潜った北海道大学水産学部の鈴木曻(のぼる)・加藤健司が命名した。マリンスノーは非常に壊れやすいので、マリンスノーだけを採取することは困難であり、その正体と成因には諸説があるが、現在では次のように考えられている。マリンスノーは生物ではなく、有機物の凝集体である。海水中には生体の植物プランクトンからの分泌と死体の動・植物の分解によって、有機物が多量に溶け込んでいる。これが自然に凝集して、もやもやしたマリンスノーを形成するらしい。凝集物の内外では、バクテリアと原生動物が活動している。

 海洋の表層から深層までマリンスノーは存在していて、炭素量に換算して1立方メートル当り約200グラムで、生物量の10倍以上もあり、深海でも1立方メートル当り5~50ミリグラムに達している。高速度で沈降する動物プランクトンの糞粒(植物プランクトンがぎっしり詰まり、膜で包まれている)とともに深海動物の重要な栄養源になっている。

[佐野 昭・高橋正征]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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