Malacca - Malacca (English spelling)

Japanese: マラッカ - まらっか(英語表記)Malacca
Malacca - Malacca (English spelling)

A port city in the southwest of the Malay Peninsula on the Malaysian mainland. It is also called Melaka. It is the capital of Malacca State, with a population of about 126,100 (2001 estimate). It is located at the mouth of the Malacca River, and is a strategically important location that straddles the narrowest part of the Straits of Malacca. In the early 15th century, the Malacca Sultanate, supported by the Ming Dynasty of China, developed it as a trading port, and after passing through Portuguese and Dutch rule, it became a British colony in 1824. Its function as a base for international trade, exporting rubber, copra, etc., has since been taken over by Singapore and other countries, but many historical sites remain within the city, including the remains of Portuguese and Dutch forts, a history museum, and the magnificent Chinese cemetery in Bukit China. In recent years, the cultivation of rice, rubber, coconut palms, and other crops has become popular in the suburbs. Due to its historical background, there are many Chinese residents.

[Atsuhiko Bekki]

history

It began in the late 14th century or early 15th century when Parameshvara, who is thought to have been a member of the royal family of the Sumatra Kingdom of Palembang, founded a kingdom here. When Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty launched his westward expedition (1405-1430), the area became a base for voyages to India and Western Asia, and Parameshvara used this opportunity to consolidate the foundations of his kingdom. At the time, the country was a vassal state of Siam, but he escaped from Siamese control by becoming a tributary state of China. Malacca became an international trading port, and many Islamic merchants arrived. After being attacked by Siam in the 1440s and repelled, Islam took root in the area.

Malacca prospered as a center of international trade connecting Southeast Asia and South Asia, and also became a base for the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia, but was occupied by Portugal in 1511 and the kingdom was moved to Johore. With the rise of Aceh and Bantam, Malacca during the Portuguese era lost its status as an international trading port and became a port of call for Portuguese fleets traveling from Goa to Macau and the Maluku Islands. In 1641 it was occupied by the Dutch East India Company, and thereafter became a regional trading port. In 1785 it was occupied by the British East India Company and became part of the British Straits Settlements, but its existence was overshadowed by Singapore and Penang. When the Federation of Malaya achieved complete independence in 1957, it became one of its states.

[Shigeru Ikuta]

"The Story of Malacca" by Yoshiyuki Tsurumi (1981, Jiji Press)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

マレーシア本土、マレー半島南西部の港湾都市。ムラカMelakaともいう。マラッカ州の州都で、人口約12万6100(2001推計)。マラッカ川河口に位置し、マラッカ海峡最狭部を扼(やく)する戦略的要地である。15世紀初頭に中国の明(みん)の支援を受けたマラッカ王国が貿易港として発展させ、以後ポルトガル、オランダの支配を経て、1824年にイギリス領となった。ゴム、コプラなどを輸出してきたかつての国際貿易の拠点としての機能は、すでにシンガポールなどに奪われたが、市内にはポルトガルやオランダの城塞(じょうさい)跡、歴史博物館、ブキットチナの壮大な中国人墓地など多くの史跡が残っている。近年は近郊で米、ゴム、ココヤシなどの栽培が盛んに行われている。歴史的経過から中国系住民が多い。

[別技篤彦]

歴史

14世紀の末、もしくは15世紀の初め、スマトラのパレンバン王国の王族であったと思われるパラメシュバラが、ここに王国を建てたことに始まる。明(みん)の鄭和(ていわ)の西征(1405~30)が行われた際、同地はインド、西アジア方面への航海の基地となったが、パラメシュバラはこの機会を利用して王国の基礎を固めた。このころ同国は、シャムの属国であったが、彼は、中国の朝貢国となることでシャムの支配を脱した。マラッカは国際貿易港となり、イスラム商人も多数来航した。1440年代にシャムの攻撃を受け、これを撃退したときにイスラム教が当地に定着した。

 マラッカは東南アジアと南アジアを結ぶ国際貿易の中心地として繁栄し、また東南アジアにおけるイスラム教伝播(でんぱ)の基地となったが、1511年ポルトガルに占領され、王国はジョホールに移った。アチェーとバンタムの勃興(ぼっこう)によってポルトガル時代のマラッカは、国際貿易港としての地位を失い、ゴアからマカオ、モルッカ諸島に向かうポルトガル船隊の寄港地となった。1641年にはオランダ東インド会社に占領され、以後は地方的な貿易港となった。1785年にイギリス東インド会社に占領され、イギリスの海峡植民地の一部となったが、シンガポール、ペナンの影に隠れた存在であった。1957年にマラヤ連邦が完全独立した際にはその一州となった。

[生田 滋]

『鶴見良行著『マラッカ物語』(1981・時事通信社)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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