Strait of Malacca

Japanese: マラッカ海峡 - まらっかかいきょう(英語表記)Strait of Malacca
Strait of Malacca

A strait between the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. It is a long and narrow strait that runs from northwest to southeast, about 900 km long, and only 65 km wide at its narrowest point. Because it is on the Sunda shelf, the water is shallow, with many parts less than 120 meters deep. In particular, the southeastern part is less than 60 meters deep, and there are many islands, so navigation is required with care. The current flows from southeast to northwest throughout the year. It is a route from the Pacific Ocean through the South China Sea to the Indian Ocean, and has been a major sea route for East-West trade since ancient times. In particular, after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, most ships that had previously passed through the Sunda Strait began to use this strait. Currently, it is one of the busiest sea areas in the world, and is crowded with tankers traveling between Japan and the Middle East. Port cities such as Penang, Malacca, Port Swettenham, and Singapore are located along the coast. Of these port cities, Singapore is currently the largest, but in the age of sailing ships, Melaka flourished, and in the 15th century was the main trading port of the Malacca Sultanate. Since then, it has been ruled by Portugal, the Netherlands, and Britain, and as a result, Melaka is home to a diverse range of people, including Chinese, Malays, Western Europeans, and Japanese, and is home to the oldest mosque in Malay history, as well as a wide variety of Buddhist, Hindu, and Christian temples. Its popularity as a tourist city is likely to grow in the future.

[Masahiko Oya]

The territorial waters of the countries bordering the straits have been expanded to 12 nautical miles, and the straits, which had previously been open to free navigation as international waters, have now become territorial waters. The Straits of Malacca are considered international straits under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and foreign ships and aircraft are granted the right of passage through the straits in accordance with the rules of international law and the laws of the coastal countries. As a congested strait, the three coastal countries have established sea lanes and traffic separation schemes and require all passing ships to comply with them. In particular, to prevent tankers from running aground, the so-called Under Keeping Clearance (UKC) system has been adopted, which maintains a certain distance between the bottom of the ship and the seabed.

[Kou Nakamura]

[Reference] | Malacca

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

マレー半島とスマトラ島との間の海峡。北西から南東につながる細長い海峡で、長さ約900キロメートル、幅は狭い所では65キロメートルにすぎない。スンダ陸棚上にあるため水深は浅く、120メートル以下の部分が多い。とくに南東部は60メートル以下で、島も多く、航行には注意が必要である。海流は年間を通じて南東から北西に流れる。太平洋より南シナ海を通ってインド洋へ達する航路にあたり、古来、東西貿易の海上の大道であった。とくに1869年のスエズ運河開通後は、それまでスンダ海峡を経由していた船舶も、ほとんどがこの海峡を利用するようになった。現在、世界で船舶航行のもっとも多い海域の一つで、日本と中東を往復するタンカーなどで混雑する。沿岸にはペナン、マラッカ、ポート・スウェッテナム、シンガポールなどの港湾都市がある。これらの港湾都市のなかでは現在、シンガポールが最大の港だが、帆船時代はマラッカ(Melaka)が栄え、15世紀にはマラッカ王国の主要貿易港であった。その後、ポルトガル、オランダ、イギリスの支配を受けた関係もあって、マラッカ市内には中国人、マレー人、西欧系白人、日本人などさまざまな人種が住み、寺院もマレー最古のモスクがあるほか、仏教寺院、ヒンドゥー教寺院、キリスト教寺院など多種多彩である。今後は観光都市としての比重も増すであろう。

[大矢雅彦]

 海峡沿岸国の領海が12海里に拡大されたため、従来公海として自由な航行に開放されてきた海峡も領海化された。マラッカ海峡は、国連海洋法条約のもとで国際海峡とされ、外国の艦船および航空機は、国際法の規則と沿岸国の法令に従って、海峡を通過するための通航権を認められた。沿岸3国は、船舶の輻輳(ふくそう)する海峡として、航路帯および分離通航帯を設定し、通航船舶に対しその遵守(じゅんしゅ)を要求している。またとくにタンカーの座礁事故を防止するため、船底と海底との間に一定の距離を保つ、いわゆるUKC(Under Keeping Clearance)方式が採用されている。

[中村 洸]

[参照項目] | マラッカ

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