A general term for the domestic reforms carried out in Russia under Emperor Alexander II, mainly in the early 1860s, after Russia's defeat in the Crimean War. A term first used by liberal historians of the late Imperial period to praise its progressive nature. In addition to the central reforms, the emancipation of the serfs in 1861 and the reform of the local government system (zemstvo) in 1864, various other reforms were carried out. The main features of the judicial reform implemented on November 20, 1864 were the abolition of the previous system of class distinctions and the establishment of an equal system for all classes, the opening of trials to the public, and the independence of the judiciary from the executive. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
クリミア戦争敗北後のロシアで,1860年代前半を中心に皇帝アレクサンドル2世の下で行われた内政面の諸改革の総称。帝政末期の自由主義的歴史家がその進歩性を称賛して使いはじめた用語。その中心をなす61年の農奴解放および64年の地方制度の改革(ゼムストボ)のほかに,さまざまな改革が行われた。64年11月20日に実施された司法制度の改革は,それまでの身分別の制度の撤廃とすべての身分に等しい制度の確立,裁判の公開,そして行政からの司法の独立をその主要な特色としていた。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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