It is an annual plant of the Commelinaceae family (APG classification: Commelinaceae). The lower part of the stem crawls along the ground, and the tip rises, reaching a height of 20-50 cm. The leaves are broadly lanceolate with pointed tips, 5-8 cm long and 1-2.5 cm wide, and the base forms a sheath that encases the stem. It flowers from July to September. The bracts are semicircular, 2-3 cm long, folded in half from the midvein, and bear cymes inside. The flowers emerge one by one from the bracts, open, and wilt within a day. There are three white sepals. There are three petals, of which two are large, blue, circular, and about 1 cm in diameter. The other petal is white, lanceolate, and about 0.5 cm long. The other name, Aobana (blue flower), comes from the color of the flower, and the other name, Boushibana (cap flower), comes from the shape of the bracts. There are two fertile stamens with long, slender filaments. There are also four pseudostamens, which are degenerated anthers, one of which has a long filament and the other three have short ones. After flowering, the stalk bends back into the bracts, where the ovary ripens and becomes a capsule. The ovary has three locules, one of which is sterile, and the other two locules each contain two ovules. The capsule turns brown and splits in two. The seeds are dark brown with wart-like protrusions on their surface. It grows as a weed in gardens and on roadsides, and is widely distributed throughout Japan and East Asia. The closely related common dayflower has bracts that are fused together to form a funnel shape. In autumn, it produces many closed flowers underground. It is found on the coasts west of the Kanto region, Southeast Asia, and Africa. The dayflower is a horticultural variety of dayflower with large petals measuring about 4 centimeters in diameter. [Takashi Yamashita June 18, 2019] It is commonly seen in gardens and roadsides, and several flowers bloom one after another from July to September. Two of the three petals are large and blue, and the other one is white. Also known as aobana (blue flower) and boushibana (cap flower). ©Shogakukan Photo by Hiroshi Okada "> Dayflower ©Yuichi Kadota "> Dayflower flower (morphology) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ツユクサ科(APG分類:ツユクサ科)の一年草。茎の下部は地面をはい、先は立ち上がり、高さ20~50センチメートルになる。葉は広披針(こうひしん)形で先はとがり、長さ5~8センチメートルで幅1~2.5センチメートル、基部は鞘(さや)となって茎を抱く。花期は7~9月。包葉は中央脈から二つに折れた半円形で長さ2~3センチメートルあり、中に集散花序をつける。花は一つずつ包葉の外に出て開き、1日でしぼむ。萼片(がくへん)は3枚あり、白色。花弁は3枚あるが、そのうち2枚が大きく、青色、円形で径は約1センチメートル。他の1枚は白色、披針形で長さ約0.5センチメートル。別名のアオバナ(青花)はこの花色に由来し、またもう一つの別名ボウシバナ(帽子花)は包葉の形に由来する。稔性(ねんせい)の雄しべは2本あり、花糸は細長い。ほかに葯(やく)が退化変形した仮雄蕊(かゆうずい)が4本あり、このうち1本は花糸が長く、他の3本は短い。花が終わると花柄が曲がってふたたび包葉の中に入り、そこで子房が熟し蒴果(さくか)となる。子房は3室で、そのうち1室は不稔で、他の2室に2個ずつの胚珠(はいしゅ)をつける。蒴果は褐色となり二つに割れる。種子は黒褐色で、表面にいぼ状の突起がある。庭や道端に雑草として生え、日本全土、東アジアに広く分布する。 近縁のマルバツユクサは、包葉の縁(へり)が合着して漏斗(ろうと)状になっている。秋、地中に多数の閉鎖花をつくる。関東地方以西の海岸、東南アジア、アフリカに分布する。 またオオボウシバナはツユクサの園芸品で、花弁が大きく径4センチメートルくらいある。 [山下貴司 2019年6月18日] 庭や道端に普通にみられ、7~9月、数個の花を次々に1個ずつ開く。3枚の花弁のうち2枚は大きく青色、他の1枚は白色。別名アオバナ(青花)、ボウシバナ(帽子花)©Shogakukan 撮影/岡田 博"> ツユクサ ©門田裕一"> ツユクサの花〔形態〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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