Bleeding in organs and tissues can be classified into petechiae, ecchymoses, and hematomas depending on the size, and a hematoma is a state in which bleeding blood accumulates in a single lump. Pathologically, important types include pericardial hematomas, tubal hematomas, and subdural hematomas. Pericardial hematomas occur when the heart wall becomes weak due to myocardial infarction or other causes, causing rupture, resulting in a large amount of bleeding into the pericardium. This suppression of cardiac function is called cardiac tamponade, and can cause acute death. A tubal hematoma is a state in which blood accumulates in the fallopian tube due to a tubal pregnancy, and can sometimes rupture, causing a large amount of abdominal bleeding. In addition, when a head or brain injury is sustained, bleeding occurs under the dura, and it is not uncommon to form a subdural hematoma. Subdural hematomas require attention because symptoms may not appear until several weeks after the injury. Subdural hemorrhage and subdural hematoma, which occur in newborns as a result of birth injuries, are considered to be one of the major causes of death. [Yutaka Watanabe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
臓器や組織内における出血は、大きさによって、点状出血、斑(はん)状出血、血腫に分かれ、血腫とは、出血した血液がひとかたまりとなってたまった状態をいう。病理学的には、心嚢(しんのう)血腫、卵管血腫、硬膜下血腫などが重要である。心嚢血腫は、心臓の壁が心筋梗塞(こうそく)などで弱くなり、破綻(はたん)した結果、心嚢内に多量の出血をきたしたものであり、これによって心機能が抑圧された状態を心タンポナーデとよび、急性死の原因となる。卵管血腫は、卵管妊娠などによって卵管に血液が貯留した状態をいい、ときに破裂して大量の腹腔(ふくくう)出血の原因となる。また、頭部や脳に外傷を受けた場合には、硬膜下に出血して、硬膜下血腫を形成することもまれではない。硬膜下血腫では、外傷後、数週間を経て、初めて症状を呈することもあるので、注意を要する。分娩(ぶんべん)の傷害として新生児におこる硬膜下出血、硬膜下血腫は、重要な死因の一つとされている。 [渡辺 裕] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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