Mahmud - Mamūd (English spelling)

Japanese: マフムード - まふむーど(英語表記)Mamūd
Mahmud - Mamūd (English spelling)

Afghanistan's Ghaznavid ruler (reigned 998-1030). After the death of his father Sabukhtigin, he overthrew his brother Ismail and seized power. He called himself Sultan, so he is generally known as Sultan Mahmud, but officially he was only an Amir (governor) appointed by the Abbasid Caliph. He was also called Yamin ad-Daula (right hand of the dynasty). He built up an army, spent most of his reign on campaigns, and endeavored to expand his territory. He seized territory from the Kara-Khanid dynasty in the east and the Buyid dynasty in the west, and even subjugated the Saffarid dynasty. Particularly important were his dozens of campaigns into India from the beginning of the 11th century, and the destruction of the icons at Somnath Temple in 1026 was a symbolic event in the Islamization of India. His greatest mismanagement was the introduction of Seljuk forces as a frontier defense force, which led to the loss of Khorasan during the reign of his son Mas'ud. He fell ill during an expedition to India in 27 and died while continuing to work hard.

[Kousuke Shimizu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アフガニスタン、ガズナ朝の最盛期の君主(在位998~1030)。父サブクティギーンの死後、弟イスマーイールを倒して権力を握った。自らスルタンと号したので、一般にスルタン・マフムードとして知られているが、公的にはあくまでもアッバース朝カリフによって任命されたアミール(総督)の地位にあった。また、ヤミーヌ・アッダウラ(王朝の右手)ともよばれていた。軍隊を整備し、治世の大半を遠征で過ごし、領土の拡大に努めた。東方ではカラ・ハン朝、西方ではブワイフ朝から領土を奪取し、サッファール朝をも服属させた。とくに重要なのは11世紀初頭より十数回に及んだインド遠征で、なかでも1026年のソムナート寺院の偶像破壊は、インドのイスラム化のうえで象徴的な事件であった。彼の最大の失政は、辺境の守備軍としてセルジューク勢力を導入したことで、息子マスウードの代にホラサーンを失う原因となった。27年インド遠征で病を得、激務を続けながら没した。

[清水宏祐]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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