Mahmut II

Japanese: マフムト[2世]（英語表記）Mahmut II

1784‐1839
The 30th Sultan of the late Ottoman Empire. Reigned 1808-39. Through a series of reforms, including the functional decentralization of the central administrative structure, the reduction of the power of the Grand Vizier, the abolition of the Janissaries (1826) and the organization of a Western-style army, the suppression of the local notables (ayans), and the introduction of secular education, postal service, and quarantine systems, he restored the Sultan's centralized control, which had been lost since the 18th century, and established the foundations for the Westernization of the Ottoman Empire. However, he faced political difficulties, suffering from successive uprisings by Balkan nations demanding national independence (Greece gained independence in 1829, Serbia gained autonomy), and Russian interference in these uprisings.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

1784‐1839
オスマン帝国末期の啓蒙的専制君主，第30代スルタン。在位1808‐39年。中央行政機構の機能的分権化による大宰相の権力削減，イエニチェリ軍団の全廃(1826)と西欧式軍隊の編制，地方名士(アーヤーン)層の討伐，世俗的教育･郵便･検疫制度の導入など一連の改革によって，18世紀以来失われていたスルタンの中央集権支配力を回復し，西欧化によるオスマン帝国改革運動の基礎を固めた。しかし，政治的には多難で，民族的独立を要求するバルカン諸民族の相次ぐ蜂起(1829年，ギリシア独立，セルビア自治権獲得)と，これに対するロシアの干渉とに苦しんだ。

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