Magna Carta is a set of 63 articles of law issued in England on June 15, 1215, which has been reissued and confirmed many times since then. It is considered part of the English constitution and is often translated as "Great Charter." When discussing Magna Carta, it is important to clearly distinguish between the significance it had when it was issued in 1215 and the significance it has played in constitutional politics since then and to this day. Magna Carta was directly triggered by the mismanagement of the then English King John. John lost the territories in France that he inherited from his father and brother to the French King, while at the same time carrying out financial reforms and extortion to raise funds for war. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
イギリスで1215年6月15日付で発布された63ヵ条の法で,その後たびたび再発行および確認されている。イギリス憲法の一部とされ,しばしば〈大憲章〉と訳される。マグナ・カルタを論ずる際には,それが1215年の発布当時に有していた意義と,それ以後今日まで立憲政治の上で果たしてきた意義とを明確に区別する要がある。 マグナ・カルタは直接的には当時のイギリス国王ジョンの失政をきっかけにして発布された。すなわち,ジョンは父王,兄王から継承したフランス内の領土をフランス王に奪われ,一方では戦費調達のため財政改革をし,苛斂誅求(かれんちゆうきゆう)を行った。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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