Full face cutting

Japanese: 全断面掘削 - ぜんだんめんくっさく（英語表記）full face cutting

A tunnel excavation method in which the shape that will become the tunnel's cross section (all cross sections) is excavated in one go. If the finished cross section of the tunnel is relatively large and the geology is not particularly good, the tunnel is excavated in parts, such as the bottom pilot tunnel, the upper half cross section, the main back, and the earthen slab. This is called the partial excavation method and is the most commonly used method. However, if the geology is sufficiently hard or the tunnel cross section is relatively small, the full cross section method is used, in which the final cross section is excavated in one go by blasting.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

トンネル掘削方式の一つで，トンネルの完成断面となる形状(全断面)を一度に掘削する方式。トンネルの完成断面がある程度大きく，しかも地質がとくに良好とはいえない場合には，底設導坑，上部半断面部分，大背，土平（とべら∥どびら）などに分割して掘削が行われ，これを部分掘削工法といい，多くの場合に用いられる工法である。しかし，地質が十分に堅硬な場合やトンネル断面が比較的小さい場合には，最終必要な断面形状を一度に発破をかけて掘り崩す全断面工法が用いられる。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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