Magna Graecia (English spelling)

Japanese: マグナ･グラエキア（英語表記）Magna Graecia

A Latin name referring to all the ancient Greek colonies in southern Italy, meaning "Great Greece." Cyme (Cumae) is the oldest, and Heracleia was the last city founded (432 BC). It prospered thanks to its fertile soil and trade with the surrounding ethnic groups and mainland Greece, but conflicts between cities also made it politically unstable. Furthermore, it began to decline around 400 BC due to conflicts with other ethnic groups and Sicilian tyrants, as well as malaria, and some cities began to seek protection from Rome. Its collapse was finalized by the Pyrrhic War and the Punic Wars.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

ラテン語で南イタリアの古代ギリシア植民市全体を指す名称で，〈大ギリシア〉の意。キュメ(クマエ)が最古で，ヘラクレイアが最後に建設(前432)された都市。肥沃な土地と周辺異民族やギリシア本土との通商で繁栄するが，都市間の対立もあって政治的に不安定であった。さらに異民族やシチリアの僭主との抗争，マラリアなどから前400年ころより衰退し始め，ローマの保護を求める都市が出てきた。ピュロス戦争，ポエニ戦争でその崩壊は決定的となった。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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