Tsunesaburo Makiguchi

Educator and religious leader. Born as the eldest son of Watanabe Chomatsu in Kariwa County, Kashiwazaki Prefecture (now Kashiwazaki City, Niigata Prefecture). Adopted by the Makiguchi family in 1877 (Meiji 10). Graduated from Hokkaido Normal School in 1893. He worked in primary education for the next 40 years, and served as principal of Shirokane Elementary School and other schools after moving to Tokyo. He advocated education that develops creativity, and wrote "Human Geography" (1903), "Local Studies" (1912), and other works, arguing that the foundation of education is understanding the interaction between people and the environment. Later, he published four volumes of "Soka Education System" (1930-1934), aiming to establish pedagogy as an empirical science. He developed a theory of values ​​that preached that the realization of social benefits common to all people is the highest good and personal happiness, and found in Nichiren's faith in the Lotus Sutra the formation of a person's character that would realize this, and converted to Nichiren Shoshu in 1928 (Showa 3). In 1930, he founded the Soka Kyoiku Gakkai (the predecessor of Soka Gakkai, the official founding ceremony was in 1937) with his disciple Toda Josei, aiming for a revolution in education and religion, but was arrested in 1943 for denying State Shinto and violating the Peace Preservation Law, and died in prison in Sugamo Prison.

[Takeshi Nakano June 19, 2018]

"The Complete Works of Makiguchi Tsunesaburo, 10 volumes (1981-1996, Daisanbunmeisha)" ▽ "Makiguchi Tsunesaburo, edited by Misaka Fusahiro (1972, Seikyo Shimbunsha)" ▽ "Young Makiguchi Tsunesaburo, Vol. 1, by Saito Shoji (1981, Daisanbunmeisha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

教育家、宗教家。柏崎(かしわざき)県刈羽(かりわ)郡（現、新潟県柏崎市）に渡辺長松の長男として誕生。1877年（明治10）に牧口家の養子となる。1893年北海道尋常師範学校を卒業。以後40年間初等教育に携わり、上京後も白金小学校などの校長を務めた。創造性開発の教育を標榜(ひょうぼう)し、環境と人との相互交渉の理解がその基礎であると自ら『人生地理学』（1903）、『郷土科研究』（1912）、その他を著す。後年、経験科学としての教育学の樹立を目ざし『創価教育学体系』（1930～1934）4巻を発刊。万人共通の社会的利の実現が最高善であり個人の幸福、と説く価値論を展開し、それを実現する人格の形成を日蓮(にちれん)の法華(ほけ)経信仰にみいだし、1928年（昭和3）日蓮正宗(しょうしゅう)に入信する。1930年弟子の戸田城聖(とだじょうせい)と「創価教育学会」（創価学会の前身、正式な発会式は1937年）を設立し、教育・宗教革命を目ざしたが、1943年国家神道(しんとう)否定と治安維持法違反の理由で検挙され、巣鴨(すがも)拘置所で獄死した。

［中野　毅　2018年6月19日］

『『牧口常三郎全集』全10巻（1981～1996・第三文明社）』▽『美坂房洋編『牧口常三郎』（1972・聖教新聞社）』▽『斎藤正二著『若き牧口常三郎　上』（1981・第三文明社）』

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