[ I ] Frequency in a multi-periodic system c 1 s ν 1 + c 2 s ν 2 +…+ c f s ν f = 0, ( s = 1, 2,…, n ) When exists, this multiple periodic motion is said to be n -fold degenerate (or degenerate). In a quantum mechanical system, when there exist n linearly independent eigenfunctions for an eigenvalue a of an operator A representing a physical quantity, a is said to be n- fold degenerate. In this case, the eigenvalue of the operator A alone is not enough to specify the state of the system; it is necessary to give an eigenvalue for another physical quantity that is reversible with A. Degeneracy occurs because a certain symmetry exists in the system, and therefore degeneracy can be removed by adding a perturbation that breaks that symmetry. As the simplest example, if we take the molecular vibration of CO2 , the bending vibration of OCO has two vibrations in planes that are perpendicular to each other and contain the molecular axis, and both of these have exactly the same frequency, and are called doubly degenerate bending vibrations. [ II ] In quantum statistics, a Bose gas that follows Bose statistics is Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
【Ⅰ】多重周期系では振動数 c1sν1 + c2sν2+…+ cfsνf = 0,(s = 1,2,…,n) が存在するとき,この多重周期運動はn重だけ縮退(または縮重)しているという.量子力学系では,物理量を表す演算子Aのある固有値aに対して,線形独立なn個の固有関数が存在するとき,aはn重に縮退しているという.このとき,系の状態を指定するには演算子Aの固有値だけでは足らず,Aと可逆なほかの物理量に対する固有値を与える必要がある.縮退が起こるのは系にある種の対称性が存在するためで,したがって,その対称性を破るような摂動を加えれば縮退はとれる.もっとも簡単な例として,CO2の分子振動をとると,O-C-Oの変角振動には分子軸を含む互いに直角な平面内における二つの振動があるが,この両者は振動数はまったく同じで,二重縮退変角振動という.【Ⅱ】量子統計において,ボース統計に従うボース気体は 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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