Javanese - Javanese (English spelling)

Japanese: ジャワ族 - ジャワぞく（英語表記）Javanese

The main ethnic group on the Indonesian island of Java. Javanese belongs to the Austronesian language family, and it is estimated that there are more than 71 million speakers of Javanese. Their main occupation is rice cultivation. Crafts such as batik, wood carving, and silverwork are popular. In coastal areas, they depend heavily on fishing. Javanese society is divided into three classes: the nobility, the Priyay (mainly civil servants, urban white-collar workers, and the intellectual class), and the Wongchiri (meaning the small people, farmers, the urban lower class, and manual laborers), and these class differences are also reflected in the way people speak. They are of bilateral descent and are basically nuclear families, although there are also cases of ancestor-oriented kinship groups. Except for some of the nobility and the Priyay, polygamy is rare and monogamy is common, but the divorce rate is extremely high. There are no strict residence restrictions, but in central and southern Java, people usually live in the wife's home for about 3 to 5 years after marriage, and then move to the husband's home. Most Javanese are Muslims, and are divided into Santri (followers who are faithful to Islamic doctrine) and Abangan (people who do not live their lives according to Islamic doctrine) based on their level of Islamic faith. This difference is also seen in their worldview, values, and lifestyle, and the belief in magic, which is common, is particularly strong among the Abangan. On the other hand, the influence of Hindu culture is noticeable in arts such as Wayang Kulit (shadow puppet theater) and Gamelan.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

インドネシアのジャワ島の主要民族。ジャワ語はオーストロネシア語族に属し，その話者人口は 7100万人をこえると推定される。おもな生業は水稲耕作。バティック，木彫，銀細工などの工芸が盛んである。海岸地帯では漁業の依存度が高い。ジャワの社会は貴族，プリヤイ (おもに官吏，都市のホワイトカラー，知識階級) とウォンチリ (小さい民を意味し，農民，都市の下層階級，筋肉労働者) の3階層に分れ，その階層差は言葉づかいにも現れている。出自は双系であり，核家族を基本とするが，祖先志向的な親族集団がみられる場合もある。貴族，プリヤイの一部を除き，一夫多妻婚はまれで，単婚が一般的であるが，離婚率がきわめて高い。厳密な居住規制はないが，中南部ジャワでは，結婚後3～5年ぐらいは妻方居住で，その後夫方に移る。大部分のジャワ族はイスラム教徒であり，イスラム教の信仰の程度からサントリ (イスラムの教義に忠実な信徒) とアバンガン (イスラムの教義によって生活を律しない人々) に分けられる。この違いは，世界観，価値観，生活態度にもみられ，一般にみられる呪術信仰は特にアバンガンに根強い。一方，ワヤン・クリ (影絵芝居) やガムランなどにはヒンドゥー文化の影響が著しい。

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